<p>The RAN Armament Depot Newington was a Royal Australian Navy  armament depot at Newington, New South Wales, Australia. The building was listed on the Register of the National Estate in 1991 and is now used for tourism purposes, under the ownership of the Sydney Olympic Park Authority.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>European colonial period</h3><br>
<p>The Armory is located as part of the original land grant to John Blaxland and his family, located on the shores of Parramatta River.</p><br>
<h3>Military magazine</h3><br>
<p>The Sydney Morning Herald in October 1875 reported the recommendations of a board appointed by the Government of the Colony of New South Wales into the removal of the Goat Island magazine. The second recommendation was "That a separate and distinct magazine for merchant&#39;s gunpowder, capable of storing about 300 tons, be established on the right bank of the Parramatta River...". In May 1876, the Herald reported that the Government had set aside 3,700 pounds to purchase land on the Parramatta River at Newington.</p><br>
<p>It was not until 1882, after Newington College had left Newington House for Stanmore, New South Wales, that land at Newington was acquired for "certain works for and in connection with the erection of a magazine for the storage of gunpowder and other explosives and certain buildings in connection therewith".</p><br>
<p>In the event, construction at the site did not commence until 1897, and it was for a military magazine rather than the magazine for merchant&#39;s gunpowder as envisaged in 1875. A notice appearing in The Sydney Morning Herald in March 1897 calling for tenders for the erection of a "Magazine, Laboratory, Gun Cotton Store and other buildings" at the "Military Reserve at Newington" is in the name of the "New South Wales Military Forces".</p><br>
<p>An article in The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers’ Advocate in September 1897, reporting on the ongoing construction of the Magazine, says that: "...the Government Powder Magazine at Newington... is intended to store all the powder required for military purposes in the colony...".</p><br>
<p>In June 1895 The Sydney Morning Herald, quoting the Government Gazette of 18 June 1895 recorded the formation of:</p><br>
<p>"Ordnance Store Corps: "C" (Ordnance) Branch of the Military Secretary&#39;s Department, now a civil branch, to be converted into an Ordnance Store Corps."</p><br>
<p>According to one account:</p><br>
<p>"The Corps comprised No 1 Gun Wharf Section with a Deputy Assistant Commissary General of Ordnance, a Lieutenant and Quartermaster, three Conductors of Stores and one Sergeant Artificer. No 2 Magazine Section was composed of one Conductor of Stores and three Privates; and No 3 Armourer&#39;s Section was composed of a Lieutenant and Quartermaster, with one Armourer Sergeant and two Privates. These appointments were filled by members of the permanent military forces."</p><br>
<p>It is the Ordnance Store Corps, and specifically the No. 2 Magazine Section, that is likely to have been the unit that commissioned the Newington Magazine in 1898.</p><br>
<p>The New South Wales Military Forces were, at Federation in 1901, subsumed into the new Commonwealth of Australia military forces (later Australian Army). In 1902, the military staff of the Magazine, a Sergeant and three Gunners, were transferred to the new Commonwealth Ordnance Stores Corps.</p><br>
<h3>Railway</h3><br>
<p>The site has a narrow gauge electric railway with battery locomotives which was used for transporting munitions and now visitors around the armory. The tour runs on Sundays and runs on a circuit that partly goes outside the boundary of the Newington Armory into a publicly accessible area where the tracks cross over the Louise Sauvage Pathway twice.</p><br>
<h3>Royal Australian Navy</h3><br>
<p>The Military Magazine, as it was known at the time, remained in support of the Army until 1921, when it was transferred to the Department of Navy, to supplement the explosives storage available at the RAN Ordnance Depot at Spectacle Island. During the 1920s and 1930s the depot was gradually expanded to enable mass-detonating explosives, and later all explosives, to be removed from Spectacle Island. During this period it operated as a sub-depot of Spectacle Island.</p><br>
<h3>World War II</h3><br>
<p>During World War II the depot expanded greatly by acquisition of private property (including the Carnarvon Golf Course) and the New South Wales State Brickyards under emergency powers. During the early part of the Pacific War, an independent US Navy ammunition depot was built within the depot, and during the later part, additional storehouses were built by the Australian Government as part of its contribution to the support of the British Pacific Fleet. At the conclusion of the war, the Brickyards were returned to the New South Wales Government but most of the private property was compulsorily acquired.</p><br>
<h3>Post-war</h3><br>
<p>During the mid-1950s the Commonwealth and New South Wales governments agreed that storage of mass-detonating explosives should be transferred to the sub-depot at Kingswood (later RAN Armament Depot, Kingswood) and this occurred progressively from about 1957. RAN Armament Depot Newington continued to store other categories of explosives, and remained the focal point for transshipment of ammunition between road and water, through the Newington Wharf.</p><br>
<p>During this time, several animals were present at the Armory including a flock of sheep to graze on the plentiful grass, and horses that pulled the carriages filled with armaments. (Curran, 2014)</p><br>
<p>During the mid-1970s the closure of the depot was first raised in connection with a proposal to hold the World Student Games in Sydney. In 1987, operational difficulties resulting from the adoption of new NATO Safety Principles for the Storage of Explosives focused navy and government attention on relocation of the depot to a new site outside Sydney. In March 1994 it was announced that the depot would close to allow the 2000 Olympic Games to be held at the adjacent Homebush Bay.</p><br>
<p>The RAN started to vacate the site in 1996, with ownership transferred to the Government of New South Wales to be developed as the Sydney 2000 Olympics Athletes Village and the suburb of Newington. The RAN finally vacated the depot in December 1999 with the last ammunition operation conducted over the wharf on 14 December 1999. By then the southern half of the depot was being transformed into the Olympic Games athletes village, and subsequently the suburb of Newington. The remainder, largely intact and incorporating most of the 1897 structures, has been incorporated into the Sydney Olympic Park. It is now known as the Newington Armory.</p><br>
<h3>Wharf</h3><br>
<p>The wharf on the Parramatta River which was used to ship ammunition in and out of the Armory while it was operating, was used as a temporary wharf by Sydney Ferries&#39; Parramatta River services for four months from 14 January 2015 while the Sydney Olympic Park ferry wharf was rebuilt.</p><br>
<p>The Renaissance Theatre, previously known as the Ohio Theatre, is a restored movie palace-type theater located at 138 Park Ave. W in Mansfield, Ohio. The 1,402 seat theater opened on January 18, 1928 as the Ohio Theatre and serves today as the largest performing arts center in North-Central Ohio. The Renaissance Performing Arts Association operates the facility and annually produces and presents approximately 40 productions consisting of Broadway-style musical theater shows, classical music concerts, comedy shows, educational performances and outreach programs, popular music concerts, special events, and family shows. The Renaissance is also home to the Mansfield Symphony Orchestra and the Miss Ohio Scholarship Pageant, the state competition for the Miss America Pageant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Miss Ohio Pageant played a significant role in the saving of the Ohio Theatre and its renovation into the Renaissance Theatre. Mansfield originally hosted the Miss Ohio Pageant at the old Ohio Theatre from 1959 through 1962. After Sanduskys Jacquelyn Mayer, Miss Ohio 1963, was crowned Miss America 1963, the Miss Ohio Pageant was relocated to the Ballroom Pavilion at Cedar Point Amusement Park in Sandusky. In 1975, the pageant returned to Mansfield, first to Malabar High School Auditorium from 1975 through 1978, then to the Madison Theatre in 1979. In 1980, it was decided to televise the pageant. Because of inadequate stage depth and backstage space at the Madison Theatre, then pageant producer Denny Keller and pageant set designer Paul Gilger persuaded the Miss Ohio Board of Directors to move the pageant back to Mansfields Ohio Theatre, reopening the facility and sprucing it up for the pageants first televised broadcast. The pageants return to the old Ohio Theatre was the initial event that eventually led to the total renovation of the theatre and its reincarnation into the Renaissance Theatre. The Miss Ohio Scholarship Program has been held at the theatre continuously since 1980, for 35 years. (For more on the theater&#39;s history, go to ).</p><br>
<p>In August 1980, the Ohio Theatre became The Renaissance Theatre. In January 1997, the theater&#39;s name was changed to The Renaissance when it merged with the Mansfield Symphony. On May 31, 1983, The Renaissance was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The original building was completely restored in 1985 at a cost of $2.25 million.</p><br>
<p>During the summer of 2008, construction began on expanding the Renaissance Theatre with the demolition of the condemned building that neighbored the theatre. Construction continued throughout the following year and the addition was opened into the existing structure in November 2009. The new portion of the theatre remained closed to the public until January 30, 2010, during the Grand Opening Gala. Grammy award winner, Sylvia McNair, performed for guests after dinner which was held in the new lobby. The new addition included the addition of an elevator that provided handicap access to all parts of the theatre for the first time, eleven offices for staff, a permanent music library for the Mansfield Symphony and Symphony Chorus, expanded restroom facilities, new concession area, two meeting spaces, and a coat check station.</p><br>
<p>On June 27, 2010, the marquee, that had been placed on the building during the 1984 restoration, was removed due to safety concerns. It was donated to the Mansfield Sailors and Soldiers Museum to be put on display at its original site, the area where the Madison Theatre stood. A new electronic marquee was installed on the new addition, during the 2008 expansion, to take the place of the Madison Marquee.</p><br>
<p>Little Seneca Lake is a reservoir located near the Boyds community in Montgomery County, Maryland.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The surface area of the lake is 505 acres (2.04 km). The average depth is 24.7 feet (7.5 m) with a maximum depth of 68 feet (21 m). The capacity of the lake is 4.5 billion gallons (17 million m).</p><br>
<p>The lake was created by the construction of a dam on Little Seneca Creek. It was built to provide an emergency water supply for the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area, and it also provides a recreational amenity for the public.</p><br>
<h2>Drinking water supply</h2><br>
<p>The lake was completed in 1984 and the water supply dam is operated by the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC). WSSC shares the drinking water resource with two adjacent public water suppliers, the Washington Aqueduct and the Fairfax County Water Authority.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational facilities</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located in Black Hill Regional Park. Fishing and boating facilities are available at the park. The lake is stocked for recreational fishing. Fish species found in the lake include largemouth bass, tiger muskie, channel catfish, sunfish, and crappie.</p><br>
<p>Garry Lake  is a lake in sub-Arctic Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. As a portion of the Back River waterway, Garry Lake originates directly east of Lake Pelly and drains to the east by the Back River. A set of rapids separate Buliard Lake  from Garry Lake. Two other sets of rapids separate Garry Lake&#39;s three sections  which are also differentiated by elevation. Garry Lakes are isolated from nearby communities.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Garry Lakes are a part of the Churchill craton—Rae craton geological province.</p><br>
<p>It is a low relief area including sedge/grass meadows along lake shores, and substrates of glacial silts, sands, and gravels.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>As moulting Canada geese arrive in late summer, the Canadian Wildlife Service designated the area as a Key Migratory Bird Terrestrial Habitat site.</p><br>
<h2>Ethnography</h2><br>
<p>Hanningajuq is the Inuktitut word for both Garry Lake and the Christian cross. Garry Lake was historically home to Inuit who refer to themselves as Hanningajurmiut or Hanningaruqmiut or Hanningajulinmiut. Inuit to the north (the Utkusiksalinmiut) refer to Garry Lake Inuit as Ualininmiut ("people from the area of which the sun follows east to west"). The Garry Lake Inuktitut dialect is related to Utkuhiksalik, the dialect of the Utkusiksalinmiut. Like other Caribou Inuit, Hanningajurmiut life consisted of tracking Arctic game (Beverly herd Barren-ground caribou) and fishing (whitefish and lake trout). They lived in igloos in the winter months, and caribou skin tents in the summer months.</p><br>
<p>Between 1948-1955, Hanningajurmiut were able to trade at Kitikmeot fur trader Stephen Angulalik&#39;s outpost located at Atanikittuq ("little connection") at Sherman Inlet. A Roman Catholic mission post was established on an island in Garry Lake in 1949, staffed by Father Joseph Buliard, who disappeared in 1956. The cabin still stands in present day. Suffering from famine in 1958 as the annual caribou migration bypassed their territorial hunting grounds, 58 Garry Lake inhabitants died. The federal government intervened by relocating the 31 survivors to Baker Lake. Most Hanningajurmiut never returned to Garry Lake on a permanent basis.</p><br>
<p>William Noah, Community Liaison Officer for Areva Resources Canada in Nunavut toured around Garry Lake on August 11, 2009 along with Paul Atuutuva, Betsy Aksawnee, Silas Kenalugak, and David Aksawnee. The pilot was with Forest Helicopters, working on contract for Kiggavik camp for Areva Resources Uranium Camp, 80 km west of Baker Lake. They found a bag and some small items that were still fresh in the attic of the old Buliard mission.</p><br>
<h2>Minerals</h2><br>
<p>In 1981, Kidd Creek Minerals discovered 19 uraniferous boulders in a train formation, extending approximately 1.5 km along Garry Lakes north shore. In 2007, Uravan Minerals Inc. surveyed Garry Lakes uranium-rich area and made plans for a multi-phased drill program/exploration project for 2008.</p><br>
<p>Tingalpa Creek is a creek in South East Queensland. It flows along Brisbane&#39;s south east boundary with Redland City Council. On early maps the creek was called both Tunim Creek and Tangulba Creek.</p><br>
<p>The waterway serves as important wildlife corridor on the citys fringe. The creek also provides limited kayaking and fishing opportunities. The creeks water catchment area covers 150 km².</p><br>
<p>Tingalpa Creek has its headwaters in Venman Bushland National Park at Mount Cotton and the Brisbane Koala Park in Burbank. It then flows a short distance through Sheldon to the waters of the Leslie Harrison Dam.</p><br>
<p>The creek below the dam, now tidal, continues along its winding course through Capalaba West, Birkdale and Ransome. In this area the creek which is popular with recreational anglers, is bordered by the Capalaba Regional Park, John Fredericks Park, Sciacca Sportsfield to the east and Tingalpa Creek Reserve on its western side.</p><br>
<p>The Cleveland railway line crosses the creek before it flows to Moreton Bay at Thorneside, Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Local council have developed a Tingalpa Creek Waterway Management Plan to coordinate management practices.</p><br>
<p>Pančićs Peak  is the highest point in the Kopaonik mountain range, which straddles southern Serbia and northern Kosovo. The peak is 2,017 m high, located in the Brus municipality in Serbia. The Serbia–Kosovo demarcation line lies some 50 m south of the summit. Pančićs Peak is part of the Suvo Rudište mountainous plateau and natural zone of the Kopaonik National Park. The Kopaonik tourist center operates cable cars to Pančić&#39;s Peak and Suvo Rudište Peak.</p><br>
<p>The mountain peak was previously named Milans Peak (Миланов врх/Milanov vrh) after the first king of modern Serbia, Milan Obrenović. On 7 July 1951 it was renamed after the Serbian botanist Josif Pančić, whose remains were buried at the top in a small mausoleum, located next to the radio tower. A memorial to Pančić was placed at the top already in 1897. The site was damaged during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. The Serbian portion of the Kopaonik (including Pančićs Peak) are part of the Kopaonik National Park, and the only road access to the peak is via the park. The peak can be easily reached from the Konaci tourist complex by foot.</p><br>
<p>Mulberry Plantation, also known as the James and Mary Boykin Chesnut House is a historic plantation at 559 Sumter Highway  south of Camden, South Carolina. Declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000, it is significant as the home of American Civil War chronicler Mary Boykin Chesnut, who produced some of the most important written accounts of the war from a Confederate perspective. The main house, built about 1820, is a fine example of Federal period architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Mulberry Plantation is located about 3 mi south of downtown Camden, and occupies more than 4,800 acre of land bordering the Wateree River. The main plantation house is located on a high point of the property, about 0.25 mi east of Sumter Highway, and is accessed via a drive from that road. An early 20th-century wrought iron gate, spelling "Mulberry" within its elements, stands across the road between brick piers. The main house is a handsome Federal period brick house, 3-1/2 stories in height, that was built about 1820, with possible design input from the noted South Carolina architect Robert Mills.</p><br>
<p>The plantation has a documented history of human habitation dating back as far as about 1250 CE, based on archaeological research of platform mounds found on the property. It is believed to be the site of Cofitachequi, a major chiefdom visited by the explorer Hernando de Soto in the 16th century, and is also the location of a second archaeological site, the McDowell Site.</p><br>
<p>The plantation was established in the 1760s by James Chesnut, and passed first to his brother John, and then to Johns son, James II. Under James IIs stewardship, the plantation was one of the largest and most successful inland plantations in the state, growing to a maximum size of more than 12,000 acre. He was politically active, serving in the state legislature, and he and his wife Mary moved in the highest circles of South Carolina society. When the American Civil War broke out, Mulberry was the couples principal residence, and accounts of this place predominate in Mary Chesnuts detailed diary of the war years. Her diary, refined and published by her in the 1870s, remains a major historical work of the period, chronicling the rise and fall of the Confederacy.</p><br>
<p>Oakmere Hall is a large house to the southwest of the villages of Cuddington and Sandiway, Cheshire, England, near the junction of the A49 and A556 roads. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. It was originally a private house and later became a rehabilitation centre and hospital. It has since been divided into residential apartments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house is dated 1867 and was designed by John Douglas. Douglas also designed the two entrance lodges. It had been built for John & Thomas Johnson, merchants and chemical manufacturers of Runcorn. However they lost all their ships in the blockade of Charleston in 1865 and subsequently became bankrupt. The house was bought from them by John Higson, a Liverpool merchant, who became the houses first resident. He was followed by John Hayes Higson and then by Captain William Higson, the head of Higsons Brewery in Liverpool. The last owner was Charles James Lamb, a shipping merchant in Manchester who died in 1942.</p><br>
<p>In 1943 the house was bought by the Miners’ Welfare Commission and it became a rehabilitation centre for injured miners. In 1951 it became part of the National Health Service, initially for rehabilitation for people injured in industrial accidents, and later for rehabilitation for all groups of people, including children. It has been converted into flats.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The house is built in freestone from Lancashire in French Gothic style with roofs of Westmorland slate. It is in two storeys with a nine-bay west (garden) front. The entrance is behind a two-storey porte-cochère which has been finished as a gatehouse. This is flanked by octagonal pilasters which end as turrets and on the first floor there is an oriel window. At the right of the west (entrance) front is a circular projection with a tall conical roof and at the left end is an octagonal turret with a tall pyramidal roof. The east front includes a massive three-storey tower with an embattled parapet and a truncated pyramidal roof with a wrought iron balustrade. The tower has an additional octagonal turret.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>In the original ground-floor plan, the porte-cochère led into the entrance hall with the staircase hall on its right. To the right of these were two drawing rooms and in front of halls, overlooking the garden, was the dining room. To the left were the servants&#39; quarters with a billiard room at the extreme left on the first floor. Considerable alterations were made in the 20th century to the interior of the house to adapt it for its later purposes.</p><br>
<p>Shotwick House  is a large house in Great Saughall, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1872 for Horace Dormer Trelawny and designed by the Chester architect John Douglas. In 1907 it was damaged by fire and following this it was rebuilt and extended, the architect again being John Douglas; at this time the owner was Thorneycroft Vernon. In the later part of the 20th century it was in use as a nursing home. Its stable courtyard, also designed by John Douglas, is listed at Grade II.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Shotwick Park is built in brick with a tiled roof in neo-Elizabethan style. The main front has seven bays with each external bay forming a turret; the turret on the left is larger and higher than that on the right. Both turrets are polygonal in shape, each with a pyramidal roof having a lead finial and a weather vane. The front has two storeys, other than the left turret that has three storeys. The central bay projects forwards and is canted. The roofs are steeply-sloping and are hipped; over each of the central five bays is a hipped gable. Tall chimneys rise from the roofs.</p><br>
<p>The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner in the Buildings of England series describes it as a "fine" house.</p><br>
<p>Browns Island is an artificial continental island on the James River in Richmond, Virginia, formed by the Haxall Canal. Part of the citys James River Park, it is the popular venue of a large number of outdoor concerts and festivals in the spring and summer, such as the weekly Friday Cheers concert series or Dominion Riverrock. The Rivanna Subdivision Trestle crosses over the island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Browns Island was formed in 1789 with the beginnings of the Haxall Canal. For many years, there were two islands, Browns and Johnson&#39;s Island with a spillway in between. Today, the islands are one.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Pre-industrial</h3><br>
<p>The islands first settler was Elijah Brown, for whom it was named. He acquired the land in 1826. A later owner named Neilson tried to rename the island as Neilsons Island, but it did not last.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, the island was the home of the Confederate States Laboratory. The C.S. Laboratory produced ammunition, friction primers, percussion caps, and other ordnance for the Confederate war effort. On Friday, March 13, 1863, an explosion occurred in a section of the laboratory that killed forty five individuals and left twenty three others injured. Most of the killed and injured were young girls who were the labor force used on the island.</p><br>
<h3>Industrial age</h3><br>
<p>In 1894, the Richmond Union Passenger Railway opened a coal power plant on the island. In 1899, a hydroelectric power plant on the island&#39;s east side, running off the Haxall Canal. Virginia Power also opened a coal power plant nearby in 1936.</p><br>
<p>The trolley company&#39;s plant did not last long, but reopened in 1916 as the Dixie Paper Mill</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s and 60s, electricity production at the hydroelectric plant decreased, and ended altogether in 1968. In 1969, the coal plant was damaged and shut down by flooding from Hurricane Camille. In 1970, the spillway between Johnsons and Browns Islands was closed and the islands merged. Hurricane Agnes also flooded and closed the coal power plant in 1972, and the plant was closed altogether in 1975.</p><br>
<h3>Park</h3><br>
<p>In 1987, the island became part of the citys James River Parks System. In 1993, Paul Di Pasquales sculpture Headman was erected on the islands East side, depicting a man steering a James Rier Batteaux boat. In 1999, the Army Corps of Engineers refurbished the Haxall canal into a canal walk. The Dominion Virginia Power coal plant was renovated in 2005 by Cordish Company. In 2014, the City released plans for Browns Island Dam Walk and secured funding from the state of Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Sightseeing</h2><br>
<p>Beside being a music venue, the island is also home to pathways and is a popular place for sightseeing. Visible from the island is the Belle Isle, the Manchester Bridge, and the ruins of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad Bridge. The Rivanna Subdivision Trestle crosses the island, making it a popular destination for railfans, too.</p><br>
<p>A walkway extends south atop the old VEPCO Levee from the island into the James River, and another extends north along the Brown&#39;s Island Dam.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Browns Island is an island that has ended up being attracted for concerts and outdoor events, such as the Earth Day Festival, Friday Cheers concert series, and in the fall, one of Virginias busiest and largest festival, the Richmond Folk Festival, which draws over 200,000 people each year.</p><br>
<p>The Bettie Hunter House is a historic African American residence in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was the residence of Bettie Hunter, a former slave who grew wealthy from a successful hack and carriage business she operated in Mobile with her brother, Henry. The fall of New Orleans during the American Civil War had made Mobile the Souths only major port on the Gulf of Mexico. Transportation of goods to and from the port depended on the citys teamsters and their horse or mule-drawn wagons. Bettie Hunter was part of a group of African Americans who recognized the opportunities in the carriage business and she</p><br>
<p>cornered this part of the transportation market in Mobile.</p><br>
<p>The Hunter House was built in 1878 and is an exceptional example of 19th-century residential architecture for an African American in the Deep South. The two-story Italianate house matches Mobile&#39;s white-owned residences of the period in scale and detail. Bettie Hunter died on November 2, 1879, at the age of 27. Her house had just been finished the year before. She was buried in Magnolia Cemetery in Mobile. She had no children and willed the property to her family.</p><br>
<p>Peter Gideon  was a farmer near Excelsior, Minnesota, United States, who was responsible for breeding apples that could withstand Minnesotas climate. Gideons farmhouse, now within the boundaries of Shorewood, Minnesota, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Gideon moved to Minnesota in 1853, near Lake Minnetonka, and experimented with planting pear, plum, cherry, peach, and apple seeds. After ten years of experimentation, the harsh Minnesota winters had killed off all of his trees except for one seedling crab apple tree. Instead of giving up, he sent back to Bangor, Maine for seeds and scions, and continued his experiments by grafting a scion onto the crab apple tree. From this experiment, in 1868 he successfully selected a variety of apple that he named the "Wealthy", in honor of his wife.</p><br>
<p>In March 1878, Minnesota established a State Experimental Fruit Farm by act of the Legislature which Gideon ran for eleven years, planting many thousands of apple trees and distributing his best seeds across the state. The state farm was located near Gideon&#39;s land on Lake Minnetonka, under the jurisdiction of the University of Minnesota. When the farm closed in February 1889 due to conflicts with the University, Gideon lost his job. Gideon later became the first superintendent of a University of Minnesota agricultural experiment station established in 1878. The station was abandoned in 1889, when he retired, but in 1907 the Minnesota Legislature established a fruit breeding farm between Excelsior and Chaska. The fruit breeding farm later became the Horticultural Research Center, which is now part of the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum. The center later developed the Haralson apple, introduced in 1922. The Wealthy apple is genetically related to the Haralson, though it took DNA testing to rediscover this fact after extensive hybridization.</p><br>
<p>Mount Namuli is the second highest mountain in Mozambique and the highest in the Province of Zambezia. It is 2,419 m high and was measured, surveyed and described in 1886 by Henry Edward O&#39;Neill, the British consul in Mozambique. The Namuli massif consists of a level plateau with the granite dome of Mount Namuli above. The area was historically clad in tropical rainforest and is an important biodiversity hotspot with many endemic species of animals and plants. The lower slopes are now mainly used for the cultivation of tea and the middle slopes for other agricultural purposes, with indigenous forest now mostly restricted to the higher parts and corridors along water courses.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mount Namuli is the highest peak in the Zambezia Province of Mozambique. At 2,419 metres it is the second highest mountain of Mozambique behind the Monte Binga. The Namuli massif consists of a level plateau which rises 700 to 800 metre. The granite dome of the Namuli rises 1,600 metre above the plateau. The area above 1,200 metre measures 50 x 30 km. Mount Namuli is located 12 km north-east of Gurué and about 160 km from the Mulanje Massif in south-eastern Malawi.</p><br>
<p>The forests of Mount Namuli are an important biodiversity hotspot which means that they have a high biodiversity rate of threatened animals and plant taxa. Species like the Namuli apalis (Apalis lynesi) and the Vincent&#39;s bush squirrel (Paraxerus vincenti) are endemic to Mount Namuli. Other rare species are the Thyolo alethe (Alethe choloensis) and the dapple-throat (Modulatrix orostruthus) which occur elsewhere too.</p><br>
<p>The lower slopes of Mount Namuli are dominated by tea plantations. The middle slopes are agrarian oriented. Indigenous forests are confined to corridors along stream courses. The nearest town is Gurúè which is the largest tea estate of Mozambique.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mount Namuli was first explored in August 1886 by Henry Edward O&#39;Neill who was the British consul in Mozambique in 1879. It became notable in ornithological circles for the expedition by Hubert Lynes and Jack Vincent in 1931/1932. Due to the Mozambican Civil War and poor road access, it was not until 1998 when a South African team of ornithologists were able to explore the forests of Mount Namuli.</p><br>
<p>Angikuni Lake  is a lake in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is one of several lakes located along the Kazan River; Ennadai Lake is to the south and Yathkyed Lake is to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s shore is notable for rocky outcroppings of the Precambrian Shield, being part of the Hearne Domain, Western Churchill province of the Churchill Craton.IT NORMAL</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Barren-ground Caribou migrate through the area. The lake contains Lake trout, Northern pike, and Arctic grayling.</p><br>
<h2>Ethnography</h2><br>
<p>During his 1948 trip, Canadian explorer Farley Mowat arrived at Angikuni Lake, then part of the Northwest Territories, and found a cairn constructed in a fashion not normally used by area Inuit. It contained pieces of a hardwood flattened box with dovetailed corners. Mowat, knowing that only one other European explorer, Samuel Hearne, had been in this region previously (in 1770), speculated that the monument was built by Francis Crozier, who, as a member of the lost expedition originally led by Sir John Franklin, vanished in 1848 during the ill-fated search for the Northwest Passage. (Woodman, 1991, p. 317)</p><br>
<h2>Myth of the vanishing village</h2><br>
<p>In 1930, a newsman in The Pas, Manitoba, reported on a small Inuit village right off of Lake Angikuni. The village had always welcomed the fur trappers who passed through occasionally. But in 1930 Joe Labelle, a fur trapper well known in the village, found that all the villagers had gone. He found unfinished shirts that still had needles in them and food hanging over fire pits and therefore concluded that the villagers had left suddenly. Even more disturbing, he found seven sled dogs dead from starvation and a grave that had been dug up. Labelle knew that an animal could not have been responsible because the stones circling the grave were undisturbed. He reported this to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Kelleher refers to them using the anachronism North-West Mounted Police), who conducted a search for the missing people; no one was ever found.</p><br>
<p>Such is the story as it appears in Frank Edwardss 1959 book Stranger than Science; other versions appear in Whitley Striebers science fiction novel Majestic and Dean Koontzs horror novel Phantoms. The Worlds Greatest UFO Mysteries (presented as fact) has an even more detailed version, as do other websites and books, adding other standard details such as mysterious lights in the sky, empty graveyards, and over a thousand people missing. The earliest version of the story is found in the November 27, 1930, Danville Bee, written by journalist Emmett E Kelleher. That article states that Joe Labelle found an empty Eskimo camp with 6 tents and that 25 men, women and children had vanished. It also contained a "photo" that was later found to be from 1909 and had nothing at all to do with the story. The incident appears to have been forgotten until referenced by Edwards&#39;s 1959 book.</p><br>
<p>The RCMP has since dismissed the case as an urban legend, claiming that the story originated in Frank Edwards&#39; book. The RCMP also states, "It is also believed that such a large village would never have been possible in such a remote area." The RCMP states that it has no record of any unusual activity in the area.</p><br>
<p>The story was debunked by Brian Dunning in an episode of Skeptoid.</p><br>
<p>Portland City Hall is the headquarters of city government of Portland, Oregon, United States. The four-story Italian Renaissance-style building houses the offices of the City Council, which consists of the mayor and four commissioners, and several other offices. City Hall is also home to the City Council chambers, located in the rotunda on the east side of the structure. Completed in 1895, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 21, 1974.</p><br>
<p>City Hall has gone through several renovations, with the most recent overhaul gutting the interior to upgrade it to modern seismic and safety standards. The original was built for $600,000, while the 1996 to 1998 renovation cost $29 million.</p><br>
<p>Located in downtown Portland, City Hall sits on an entire city block along Fourth and Fifth avenues at Madison and Jefferson Streets. To the south is the Wells Fargo Center, and to the north is the Portland Building. Terry Schrunk Plaza (named for a former mayor) is across Fourth Avenue to the east. In addition to more than 87,000 ft&sup2; of interior space, the exterior consists of landscaped grounds. The main entrance is located on Fourth Avenue, though for a time it was located on the Fifth Avenue side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Late 19th century</h3><br>
<p>The 1895-to-present City Hall replaced an earlier building at Second and Ash streets. In 1869, the Oregon Episcopal School was founded in downtown Portland, with the women-only St. Helens Hall on the current block of City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The city hired Henry J. Hefty to design the building; his design was "a huge ostentatious structure that appeared to be modeled on the Kremlin." After the foundation and basement of the building had been built, the new City Hall Commission canceled the contract and tore out the basement and first floor at an expense of $125,000.</p><br>
<p>This board terminated Hefty and hired the architectural firm of Whidden and Lewis to design a new building. Ion Lewis and William Whidden were originally from Boston, but were in Portland for the Portland Hotel project, and Whidden had been employed with McKim, Mead, and White. The board also persuaded the state legislature to authorize an additional $500,000 in bonds to complete the project. Whidden & Lewis designed a four-story structure in a neo-Renaissance style that included a clock tower. Designed to be located in the center portion of the building, the tower was to rise five-stories above the rest of City Hall with a total height of 200 feet. Due to costs, the clock tower was never built. A domed cupola also designed by Whidden and Lewis was never built. The original building design was praised for the details and symmetry.</p><br>
<p>In 1893, construction at the site was restarted. City Hall was built with un-reinforced masonry walls and slurry concrete floors to save on costs.</p><br>
<p>Construction on the new structure was finished in 1895, The first city council meeting held in the new building took place on February 6. Once completed, the building was one of the first large buildings in the Pacific Northwest to have electric wiring, have centralized heating, include public elevators, or be considered fireproof. William S. Mason was the first Portland mayor in the new City Hall, with a total of 34 people working in the building at opening. His successor, Sylvester Pennoyer, called the new building "expensive, unseemly and unhealthful".</p><br>
<p>Funding for the city hall came from several sources. In 1889, the Oregon Legislative Assembly approved a sale of $175,000 worth of bonds by the City of Portland to finance the construction of a new city hall. The building ultimately cost $575,000.</p><br>
<p>When built, the surrounding area was composed of dirt roads and private residences. The Southern Pacific Railroads 1868 west side rail line ran down Fourth Avenue past City Hall and the county courthouse. The city and county governments fought the railroad to remove the dirty and noisy steam locomotives from this route, succeeding in 1912. Southern Pacifics electric interurban line continued on the tracks until the 1930s. In 2007, work began on adding light rail tracks on Fifth Avenue for the planned MAX Green Line, and trains once again ran past City Hall starting in 2009.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1902, two Port Orford cedar trees were planted on the east side of City Hall. One tree was planted on the north side and the second tree on the south side of the building to reinforce the symmetrical aspects of the building. The south tree was replaced in 1999 due to poor health. In 1910, the city added passenger elevators to the open stairwells.</p><br>
<p>Until 1902 the Portland Public Library, which started as a reading room for sailors and then as a subscription library, was housed in the building. In 1928, the city began one of a series of renovations on the building to increase floor space. That year one of the two light wells were filled in, blocking off natural light to the lower floors. The city added a new elevator in 1931. The next remodel started in 1933, and lasted through 1937. During this construction the second light well was filled in for more space, and a penthouse apartment was built on top of the roof.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, the city installed a large boulder on the southeast portion of the grounds. The Oregon Railway and Navigation Company had found the 15,000-year-old boulder in 1897 and moved it to Portland. The ten ton Wallula Stone was discovered in the Columbia River Gorge, and was covered with petroglyphs. It was returned to the Umatilla tribe of Native Americans in Eastern Oregon in 1996. The old elevators inside were replaced again in 1946, and in 1948 a runaway truck destroyed part of the stone railing on the Fifth Avenue side, which was then fixed.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s the mayor&#39;s office was refurbished, a new roof was installed, and new trees were planted on the grounds. In 1964, the city remodeled the City Council chambers on the second and third floors. Part of the work was to install new lighting to allow television broadcasts from the chamber, while other work added drop tiles to the ceiling, hiding the domed roof.</p><br>
<p>In the early morning hours of November 21, 1970, a dynamite-fueled bomb exploded underneath the portico, doing $170,000 in damage. Though no one was injured, windows were blown out, the Council Chamber (located above the blast) was damaged, all of the columns of the portico were damaged and replaced, and the Liberty Bell replica was a complete loss. A new bell was purchased for $8,000 and later moved to Terry Schrunk Plaza. No one was ever arrested or claimed responsibility for the bombing.</p><br>
<p>Later in the decade, Portland upgraded City Hall by adding fire sprinklers and smoke detectors. In 1974, City Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The following year the rooftop penthouse was converted into an employee break room that included an outdoor deck. In 1978, the city constructed a wheelchair ramp to provide access to the handicapped.</p><br>
<p>The 1980s saw additional renovations. The auditors office and the mayor’s office were both renovated, though work on the mayors office halted when funds were exhausted. The city expanded the office of the city&#39;s attorney, and in 1982 the Portland Building was finished across the street. This allowed the city to move many city offices into a single location. Work was also completed on the exterior, while a new roof was finished. In 1985, the building began a conversion from steam heating.</p><br>
<p>In January 1995, the City Council voted to remove parking from the grounds of City Hall. Previously, the landscaped yard surrounding the building had been paved to allow the city council members to park their vehicles on site. That month also marked the 100th birthday of the structure.</p><br>
<h3>Renovation</h3><br>
<p>Discussions about the need to upgrade and renovate City Hall began anew in 1988. In 1994, proposals were made to remodel and update the structure to meet modern building codes, with an estimated cost of $16 million. Work was to include replacing the concrete floors, structural upgrades, and restoring the original light corridors that penetrated all four floors of the building. In March 1995, plans were made to renovate the then-100-year-old structure. The estimated $22-million project was proposed due to the building failing to comply with the city codes for earthquakes and fires.</p><br>
<p>Some preparatory work for the renovation began in November 1995. On May 3, 1996, City Hall closed and offices relocated for the renovation project. The offices were temporarily housed in the former State Office Building (now Fifth Avenue Building) nearby on Fifth Avenue. Bing Sheldon served as the architect on the remodel. Drake Construction served as the contractor for the project with SERA Architects as the design firm.</p><br>
<p>On June 17, 1996, a 120 ft-long boom portion of a construction crane crashed at the construction site, scraping the stone on the east side of the building, but not injuring anyone. Due to the fragile sandstone exterior, the damage on the rotunda was not repaired. In January 1997, construction crews finished the demolition portion of the project and finished the structural reinforcement part before they began the interior construction phase.</p><br>
<p>Designers restored the light corridors inside the building during the remodel. These two central light courts allowed more natural lighting into the interior of the building. Additionally, the old Fourth Avenue entrance was restored, and the address was changed to 1221 S.W. Fourth Avenue. Renovations also restored the original look of the City Council chamber, with council members now facing the windows.</p><br>
<p>The original red and white marble from the floors was saved and reinstalled on top of the new concrete slab flooring. New marble was used on the fourth floor. Other changes included the addition of central air conditioning, insulation of the roof and exterior walls, and the replacement of the old single-pane windows.</p><br>
<p>On March 30, 1998, City Hall reopened to the public. Of the $29.3 million final cost of the project, construction costs totaled $19.9 million. Of that amount, $17 million was to bring the building up to modern fire and safety standards. Additional funds were spent on artwork, a temporary location for offices, and new furniture among other costs. Reasons given for the additional costs varied from new problems uncovered during the remodel, a booming construction market at the time, and delays in starting the project.</p><br>
<p>Financing of the renovations came from local bonds, with approximately $3 million per year coming from the general fund to pay the debt off. Prior attempts at raising private funds for the project had failed. The project was named as the top public project and was an honorable mention in the renovation category for 1998 by Northwest Construction magazine.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The four-story building is in the Italian Renaissance style of architecture with a sandstone exterior. The interior of City Hall covers 87,500 ft&sup2, with 48,128 ft&sup2; of usable space. Viewed from above the building is similar in shape to the letter E, with the rotunda as the middle protruding portion of the building. There are two wings that extend toward Fourth Avenue, one on the far north and the other on the far south, each only a single story in height where it is closest to Fourth. Portland City Council chambers occupy the two other floors inside of the rotunda, on the east side of the building.</p><br>
<p>On the roof of City Hall are 4 ft ornamental urns, originally made of limestone. In the atrium the walls are covered in a white tile that was re-discovered during the 1996 remodel.</p><br>
<p>The Pettygrove Room on the second floor is named for Francis W. Pettygrove, the Portland founder who won the coin toss to name the city. The main stairway at City Hall has 77 steps, with iron handrails and tile steps. The building sits 70 ft above sea level. Artwork in the building includes works by Norie Sato, a mural by Michael Brophy in the Council Chamber, a constantly changing work called the "Visual Chronicle of Portland" located on the main floor, and changing exhibits.</p><br>
<p>The Governmental Relations office and the office of the citys attorney are on the fourth floor. On the third floor are the mayors office, the ceremonial Rose Room, a balcony for the Council chambers, Audit Services, and the citys affirmative action office. The second floor contains the city council chambers, two conference rooms, and four commissioners offices. On the main floor is the lobby, the Office of Neighborhood Involvement, an information desk, and offices for the city auditor, council clerk, and city treasurer. The grounds of the building include a rose garden, trees, a vegetable garden, and other landscaping.</p><br>
<p>Chandravalli is an archaeological site located in the Chitradurga district of the state of Karnataka, India. The region is a valley formed by three hills, Chitradurga, Kirabanakallu and Cholagudda. It is a semi-arid region with scrub vegetation with a stream running through it. Excavations at Chandravalli have revealed earthen pots, painted bowls and coins of Indian dynasties like Vijayanagar, Satavahana and Hoysalas as well as denarii of Roman emperor Augustus Caesar and a coin of the Chinese Han dynasty Emperor Wu Ti belonging to 2nd Century BC.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology</h2><br>
<p>Chandravalli (moon shaped) was known as Chandanavati, name attributed to the king as this place was once ruled by Chandrahasa (king of Kuntala).</p><br>
<h2>Chandravalli cave temple</h2><br>
<p>The Chandravalli cave temple (also known as the Ankali Mutt - Saints from Ankalagi (Belgaum) came here for meditation) is semilunar in shape located between two giant monolithic rocks, a pre-historic site is about three km from Chitradurga. There is a lake which is adds the importance to cave temple.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At Chandravalli there is a rock inscription of the first Kannada dynasty Kadambas founder Mayurasharma (450 CE) found in the Bhairaweshwara temple.</p><br>
<h3>Pre-historic period</h3><br>
<p>Chandravalli is pre-historic archaeological site, historians found painted pottery and coins</p><br>
<p>from the pre-historic and Shatavahana period and found that the human habitation existed during the Iron Age.</p><br>
<h3>Excavation history</h3><br>
<p>In 1909 B L Rice, R Narasimhachar and R Shamashastry carried out the excavation work at Chandravalli.</p><br>
<p>During 1929-30 M H Krishna did the significant contribution.</p><br>
<p>Chandravalli was first excavated by R. Narasimhachar who was the Director of Department of Archaeology and Museums of the Mysore state. Further excavations were carried out by H. M. Krishna in 1928-29 and finally by Mortimer Wheeler under the guidance of the Archaeological Survey of India in 1947.</p><br>
<p>Two distinct periods; megalithic and Satavahana were noticed during the excavations. It was found that Chandravalli was inhabited from Iron Age onwards. The inscriptions found in the nearby hillocks belonged to the Chalukya and Hoysala period, with one belonging to the king Mayurasharma, the founder of the Kadamba dynasty.</p><br>
<p>The total measurement of the site excavated was 730 m × 730 m, and the general layout of the site contained a housing complex with walls of bricks, covered stone drains, red-gravel rammed floors and fireplaces made of bricks. It was also a mortuary site.</p><br>
<p>The earthen ware found included megalithic pottery, painted vessels coated by a russet coloured wash (Russet-coated painted ware), red and black coloured ware as well as rouletted ware. The paintings on these wares were linear and geometric and consisted of criss-cross, dotted lines, hatched triangles and other patterns. The shapes of these wares were vessels with funnel-shaped lid, carinated bowls, three-legged vessels and other forms.</p><br>
<p>Coins of the following Indian kings were found: Krishnaraja Wodeyar III of Mysore, Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagar, various Satavahana kings and Viraraya of Hoysala kingdom. Among the foreign coins found were denarii of Augustus Caesar and a coin of the Chinese Han dynasty Emperor Wu Ti.</p><br>
<p>Other objects found included neoliths, a cist with a skeleton in it, pots containing bones and teeth of animals and a Roman bulla. One of the cists also appeared to contain the legs of a sarcophagus.</p><br>
<p>Klek , also known as Petelin or Petelinjek to locals from the villages on the Slovene side below its summit, is a peak in the Western Karawanken Alps, between Golica/Kahlkogel to the east and Dovška Baba  to the west. It lies on the border between Slovenia and Austria above the town of Jesenice. On the northern side towards Carinthia the peak itself is very steep and mostly composed of brittle rock and scree, and is accessible from Rosenbach on the Austrian side only via Rožca Saddle. Due to their inaccessibility, its northern slopes are known for their alpine flora, particularly the protected edelweiss. It is more easily accessible from the Slovene side from Planina pod Golico.</p><br>
<p>The Karawanks Tunnel crosses the border between Austria and Slovenia almost right underneath Klek.</p><br>
<p>The Robidoux School is a historic school building located at 201 South 10th in St. Joseph, Missouri. It was the first building used by what would become Missouri Western State University. The first high school in St. Joseph was built on the site in 1866. In 1895 the high school moved to 13th and Patee and the building was remodeled to be a grammar school named after St. Joseph founder Joseph Robidoux. In 1907 the building was razed and architect Edmond Jacques Eckel and Walter Boschen was commissioned to design the new Classical Revival style building which opened in 1909 at a cost of $130,000 including contents. It included 12 classrooms and an auditorium seating 1,100. In 1914, the building was used as a freshman annex for Central High School . In 1919 it became the Robidoux Polytechnic High School, a vocational trade school. In 1933 it became home for the St. Joseph Junior College which had been founded in 1915 and was earlier operating out of Central High School. The move occurred at the same time as the Central High School moved to its current location. In 1965 the Junior College became a four-year Missouri Western State College. In 1969 the college moved to its current location on the east side of St. Joseph.</p><br>
<p>In 1981 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Ironically the application was filed by Missouri Western&#39;s rival Northwest Missouri State University. It is located in the Museum Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Nottoway Plantation, also known as Nottoway Plantation House is located in White Castle, Louisiana, United States. The plantation house is a Greek Revival and Italianate-styled mansion built by John Hampden Randolph in 1859, and is the largest extant antebellum plantation house in the South with 53,000 ft&sup2; of floor space.</p><br>
<h2>Mansion and grounds</h2><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>John Randolph commissioned renowned architect Henry Howard of New Orleans with the task of designing the grand mansion with the intention that no expense would be spared in the construction. Howard sited the three-story wooden frame house, that includes a one-story rusticated stucco-covered brick base on a concrete foundation, to face east towards the Mississippi River. The entrance facade is asymmetrically balanced with a projecting bedroom wing to the left side and a large curved bay with galleries on the right. The main five-bay structure, with a central projecting portico, emphasizes height rather than width with the main living areas on the second and third-stories both being 15.5 ft in height above the one-story basement, scored to appear as stone, and featuring an arched niche flanked with narrow fenestrations. The galleries are embellished with custom ornamental iron railings made in New Orleans, capped with molded wooden handrails. Double curved granite staircases, installed by skilled mason, Newton Richards, rise to the second-story. These steps were built with the left side intended for ladies and the right side for gentlemen. The steps for the men can also be identified by the boot scraper at the bottom. The separate staircases were so that the men would not see the women’s ankles beneath their skirts as they climbed, which was considered a severe breach of social etiquette at the time. The close spacing and angularity of the gallery&#39;s 22 square columns and their elongated capitals also emphasize the vertical qualities of the house. Above the capitals, small brackets branch out to carry a tall entablature decorated with modillions, supporting a projecting cornice that nearly covers the hipped roof that is pierced with six chimneys. In the rear of the house is a two-story garçonnière wing where the Randolph sons resided.</p><br>
<p>Construction of Nottoway was completed in 1859 at an estimated $80,000, and to prevent any duplicate homes being built, Randolph destroyed the architect&#39;s plans after completion.</p><br>
<h3>Interiors</h3><br>
<p>Nottoway has over an acre of floor space spread out over three floors, and a total of 64 rooms with 165 doors and 200 windows, most of which can also double as doors. The house enjoyed 19th-century novelties such as a bathroom located on each floor with flushing toilets and hot and cold running water, gas lighting throughout the house and a complex servant call bell system. The principal rooms of the house are located on the second floor. The entrance hall runs the length of the house and is 12 feet wide and 40 feet long. Large Baccarat crystal and brass chandeliers hang from the 15.5 ft high ceilings and the doors with hand-painted German Dresden porcelain doorknobs and matching keyhole covers, leading to the adjacent rooms are 11 ft tall. Above the doors and along the ceilings are plaster frieze moldings, with modillions interspersed with paterae, that are made from mud, clay, horse hair and Spanish moss. To the right of the entrance hall is the most unusual, and reportedly John Randolphs most favorite room in the house, the White Ballroom. With Corinthian columns, hand-cast archways and a L-shaped extension into a curved bay, Randolph had it painted completely white, including the flooring, to show off the natural beauty of his seven daughters, six of whom would be married there. Featuring two fireplaces with hand-carved rococo white marble mantles, there is also an original mirror placed so that the women could see if their ankles or hoops were showing beneath their skirts. Over one of the fireplaces, there is a painting of Mary Henshaw (no relation to the family), whose eyes are said to follow the viewer around the room. Flanking the entrance hall to the left is a gentlemans study, a stair hall and the formal dining room. Both the study and the dining room feature black Italian hand-carved marble mantles on their coal burning fireplaces, and the rooms are filled with period antique furniture. The dining room plasterwork showcases pink camellias, Emily Randolph&#39;s favorite flower, and is the only plasterwork in the house to have color.</p><br>
<p>The main staircase of Honduran mahogany is covered in green velvet and ascends to the Ancestral Hall on the third-floor. The hall was used by the Randolphs as a family parlor, being a central thoroughfare to many of the adjacent bedrooms, and gave access to the third-floor gallery with views of the Mississippi River. Nearby, is the master bedroom, with one of the three original bathrooms, as well as a small room that was used as a nursery for Julia Marceline, the Randolph&#39;s last and only child born at Nottoway. During the Civil War, Emily Randolph utilized a bedpost at the end of the bed to hide valuable jewelry. Though originally bedrooms, one has been made into a music room displaying musical instruments from the 19th-century, and another known as the Wicker Room features wicker furniture originally owned by the Randolph family.</p><br>
<p>The first floor basement has been transformed into a restaurant and a small museum about the Randolph family, and the history of the plantation. Originally the space held the laundry, dairy, wine cellar and servants quarters, as well as a 10-pin bowling alley for the amusement of the children.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds</h3><br>
<p>The landscape for Nottoway was designed by John Nelson of New Orleans whose plan included 120 fruit and citrus trees, 12 magnolia trees, poplar and live oak trees, 75 rose bushes, 150 strawberry plants and a variety of flower and vegetable gardens. However, due to neglect and the erosion of six and a half acres of land by the Mississippi River, the gardens designed by Nelson no longer exist. Today, the house sits only 200 feet behind a river levee and the grounds include a small formal hedge garden adjacent to the garçonnière where the detached kitchen once stood, and a fountain courtyard in front of the southern bedroom wing. Surrounding the house are modern ancillary buildings that house offices and event facilities. The owners expanded the property in 2008 by building a carriage house, ballroom and nine Acadian-style cottages modeled after the property&#39;s original slave quarters, while the plantation was closed to the public for repairs, as a result of damage incurred by Hurricane Gustav. To the north of the house is the reconstructed stables, now re-purposed as a ballroom, and the Randolph cemetery where the remains of the family were reinterred in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th-century</h3><br>
<p>John Hampden Randolph was born in Virginia in 1813, a member of the prominent Randolph family. He migrated with his family to Mississippi when his father, Peter Randolph, Jr., was appointed a federal judge in Woodville, Mississippi, by President James Monroe in 1820.</p><br>
<p>John Randolph married Emily Jane Liddell in 1837 and went on to have eleven children with her. Randolph devoted most of his time to his cotton plantation, but believing sugar production would be more lucrative he decided to move his family to southern Louisiana in 1842 where he purchased a 1,650 acre cotton plantation that he named Forest Home. Converting the plantation to sugar cane production two years later and constructing Iberville Parish&#39;s first steam-powered sugar mill, he was able to triple his earnings over his cotton production. Within ten years he had increased his holdings to 7,116 acre and owned 176 slaves making Randolph one of the largest slaveholders in the South. In 1855 he purchased an additional 400 acre of highland, and 620 acre of swamp and Mississippi River-front land where he sought to build a more prestigious home that he named "Nottoway," after Nottoway County in the part of Virginia where he was born.</p><br>
<p>He selected Henry Howard, a very popular architect of the time, considered to have been one of the finest architects of 19th-century New Orleans. Many of his Greek Revival and Italianate style buildings, churches, and homes can still be found in the city. He also designed the neighboring Belle Grove, now destroyed. Randolph and the owner of Belle Grove, John Andrews, are known to have had a rivalry of sorts that even extended to their homes. Compiling the materials for his plantation home, cypress logs were cut and cured under water for six years, then cut into planks and dried into what is called virgin cypress. The wood&#39;s most notable feature is not its durability, but its resistance to termites. Handmade bricks were baked in kilns by slaves and 40 carpenters, brick masons and plumbers were hired by Howard, who lived in tents at the site of construction while doing their work. The massive home was completed in 1859 along with a variety of other buildings including slave quarters, a schoolhouse, greenhouse, stable, steam-powered sugar house, wood cisterns, and other necessary buildings for an agricultural operation.</p><br>
<p>Soon after house was completed the Civil War began. Randolph did not support secession from the Union, but once the war began, backed the war financially and sent his three sons to fight for the Confederacy, losing his oldest son, Algernon Sidney Randolph, at the Battle of Vicksburg. With the war coming ever closer to Nottoway, it was decided that Randolph would take 200 slaves to Texas and grow cotton there while his wife, Emily, stayed at Nottoway with the youngest children, hoping that their presence would save it from destruction. The plantation was occupied by both Union and Confederate troops and though the grounds were damaged and the animals plundered, Nottoway survived the war with only a single grapeshot to the far left column that did not fall out until 1971.</p><br>
<p>With the emancipation of the slaves, John Randolph contracted with 53 of his former slaves to continue working as paid laborers; when he returned to Nottoway after the Civil War, most chose to return with him. The sugar business was not as profitable after the war and by 1875, Nottoway was reduced to 800 acre. John Randolph died at Nottoway on September 8, 1883, leaving the plantation to his wife.</p><br>
<p>Emily Randolph sold the plantation in 1889 for $50,000, which she divided equally among her nine surviving children and herself. She died in Baton Rouge in 1904.</p><br>
<h3>20th-century</h3><br>
<p>The new owners of Nottoway were Désiré Pierre Landry and his father-in-law, Jean Baptiste Dugas, whose family owned the plantation until 1909, when Landrys widow sold Nottoway to sugar planter Alfonse Hanlon. Soon after, Hanlon lost Nottoway to foreclosure in 1913 due to crop failures the previous two years that resulted in tax problems and accrued medical bills by his wifes failing health. Dr. Whyte G. Owen purchased the plantation out of foreclosure in the amount of $10,000.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Owen, one-time Surgeon General of Louisiana, attempted to run the estate as a sugar plantation, but was not successful. He sold off 1,193 acre keeping the house and surrounding property. After his death in 1949, Nottoway was inherited by his son Stanford who lived with his wife Odessa in the house until his death in 1974. Thereafter, Odessa Owen lived alone in the massive house trying to maintain the house with her limited resources. Knowing she was unable to adequately care for the house, Owen sold the plantation to Arlin K. Dease in 1980, who had restored three other antebellum mansions, including the Myrtles Plantation in St. Francisville, Louisiana with the caveat that she be allowed to live in house until her death. Dying in 2003, it was at this time the house ceased to be a private home. Dease restored Nottoway, and opened the house to the public three months after his purchase, working a crew of 40 to 60 men 12 hours a day. Arlin Dease sold Nottoway to Paul Ramsay of Sydney, Australia in 1985, after he had stayed at the property while in the area for business.</p><br>
<h3>21st-century</h3><br>
<p>Under Ramsay&#39;s tenure, Nottoway has become a resort destination. The house serves as an inn and is a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Nottoway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 and is a popular tourist attraction in southern Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s Church is a historic church and the oldest surviving religious structure in Charleston, South Carolina. It is located at Broad and Meeting streets on one of the Four Corners of Law, and represents ecclesiastical law. It was built in the 1750s by order of the South Carolina Assembly. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Michaels Church was built between 1751 and 1761 at the corner of Broad and Meeting streets on the site of the original wooden church built in 1681 by St. Philips Church, It had been damaged in a hurricane in 1710 and a new St. Philip&#39;s Church was built several blocks away on Church Street. In 1727, what was left of the old wooden church was demolished.</p><br>
<p>It is not known who designed St. Michael&#39;s, but it shows the influence of St Martin-in-the-Fields, London, designed in the 1720s by James Gibbs. Samuel Cardy was the builder. The walls are of brick that was stuccoed over and painted white. The two-story portico facing Broad Street was the first of its size in colonial America and features Tuscan columns.</p><br>
<p>An organ by John Snetzler was fitted in 1768 but only the case remains; new organ 1994 by Kenneth Jones of Bray, Ireland.</p><br>
<p>In the north wall is a stained glass window that was given to the church in 1898 as a memorial to Mrs. E.A. Simons. The design of the window is a copy of "Easter Morning" using between 1800 and 2000 pieces in the six by ten foot window. It was created by Louis Lederlie for Tiffany Studios.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and it was included in the first promulgation of the National Register in 1966.</p><br>
<p>St. Michael&#39;s Churchyard, adjacent to the church, is the resting place of some famous historical figures, including two signers of the USA Constitution.</p><br>
<h2>Religious affiliation</h2><br>
<p>St. Michaels was originally affiliated with the Church of England. Following the American Revolution the church came under the jurisdiction of what is now the Episcopal Church of the United States. Currently it is a parish church of the Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina. In 2012 long simmering disagreements over doctrine and church discipline caused the Diocese of South Carolina to withdraw from the Episcopal Church. In June of 2017 the diocese, and by extension St. Michaels, were received into the Anglican Church of North America. The parish continues to worship according to Anglican rites and traditions.</p><br>
<h2>Clock and bells</h2><br>
<p>The church houses a clock and change ringing bells dating from colonial times. The tower clock, which strikes the hours and quarters, was made by Aynsworth Thwaites Thwaites & Reed. The bells are one of four sets (Grace Church Cathedral – Episcopal, The Cathedral Church of Saint Luke and Saint Paul, and Stella Maris Catholic church) in the Charleston area. The bells were cast in 1764 by Lester and Pack of London and recast in 1866 (in London again).</p><br>
<p>Vesper Peak is a peak along the Mountain Loop Highway region of the North Cascades of Washington state. It is about 18 mi south of Darrington and 21 mi east of Granite Falls, in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Its gentle south and east slopes contrast with a sheer north face which offers "excellent technical routes".</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The peak is primarily composed of intrusive quartz diorite, but the south and southwest slopes are metavolcanic rock. Grossular garnet occurs in skarn zones on the peak, which have been mined for</p><br>
<p>this mineral.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The peak was ascended in 1918 during a Mountaineers outing, but "they were likely preceded by prospectors and a geological survey party led by Louis C. Fletcher". The steep north face was first climbed in 1968 by Bruce Garrett and Jim Langdon; several routes exist on the face, with difficulties in the 5.6 to 5.8 range.</p><br>
<p>The summit can be reached from the Sunrise Mine Road (No. 4065), off the Mountain Loop Highway. The hike is a 10 mi round trip with an elevation gain of 4,114 ft. The summit affords views of Glacier Peak, Sloan Peak, Mount Dickerman, Mount Pugh, Mount Rainier, Mount Stuart and a bit of the top of Mount Adams.</p><br>
<p>Rough Tor , or Roughtor, is a tor on Bodmin Moor, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The site is composed of the tor summit and logan stone, a neolithic tor enclosure, a large number of Bronze Age hut circles, and some contemporary monuments.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>In the 19th-century the hill was known as Router.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Rough Tor is approximately one mile northwest of Brown Willy, Cornwall&#39;s highest point, on Bodmin Moor. Its summit is 1313 ft (400m) above mean sea level, making it the second highest point in Cornwall. Both hills are in the civil parish of St Breward and near the town of Camelford. The De Lank River rises nearby and flows between the two hills. Rough Tor and Little Rough Tor are twin summits of a prominent ridge of granite, though there are actually three tors at the site: Showery Tor, Little Rough Tor, and Rough Tor. Crowdy Reservoir and the Lowermoor Water Treatment Works are not far away from the hill.</p><br>
<p>Hikes to the summit and to neighbouring Brown Willy are popular, though the walk may be strenuous; a road provides easy access to a car park, which is about a mile and a half from the summit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From the summit of Rough Tor, many signs of settlements and field systems are visible, indicating that it was a well populated area in former times.</p><br>
<h3>Neolithic</h3><br>
<p>The summit of Rough Tor once had a neolithic tor enclosure. The summit is encircled by a series of rough stone walls that align with natural stone outcroppings on the tor. The walls would have originally completely encircled the tor. The walls would have had numerous stone lined openings. In the interior of the circle, there are remains of terraces levelled into the slopes, which archaeologists believe formed the foundations of circular wooden houses. There are also cleared areas near the terraces that have been garden plots.</p><br>
<h3>Bronze Age</h3><br>
<p>The Rough Tor enclosure is located in an area containing a remarkable concentration of upstanding monuments and other Bronze Age sites, such as Fernacre stone circle, which is only 200 meters from the site. Stannon stone circle is also located nearby, and there are numerous cairns and burial monuments in the vicinity.</p><br>
<p>On the southern slopes of Rough Tor, there are the remains of a large number of stone hut circles, set around three or four enclosures that may have held stock. There are also the remains of a large field systems, which is partially overlain with a medieval field system. The purpose of this field system has been debated, with historians disagreeing as to whether the fields were used for cereals or for stock.</p><br>
<h3>Medieval</h3><br>
<p>The summit of the tor was once the site of a medieval chapel, which was built into the side of one of the cairns, and was dedicated to St. Michael. The chapel was recorded in the 14th century, and is the only known hilltop chapel in Bodmin Moor. As it overlooks an ancient trackway across the moor, it may have served as a guide for travellers. There are remains of a second medieval building at the bottom of the summit and a beacon may have been maintained here or at the summit by a hermit.</p><br>
<p>A medieval field system based on straight lines overlays the Bronze Age field system at Rough Tor, and several medieval artifacts have been found in the area, such as the base for a stone cross, and a small stone cross.</p><br>
<h3>Contemporary</h3><br>
<p>A memorial stands below Rough Tor, commemorating the men of the 43rd (Wessex) Division who lost their lives in the Second World War. The Memorial reads:</p><br>
<p>There is also a memorial to Charlotte Dymond, who was murdered on the Tor in 1844.</p><br>
<p>In a programme shown in 2007 Channel 4&#39;s Time Team investigated a 500-metre cairn and the site of a Bronze Age village on the slopes of Rough Tor.</p><br>
<p>There is also a Rough Tor on Dartmoor in Devon, three miles west of Postbridge.</p><br>
<p>The early colonial name for Mount Barrow, in Northern Tasmania, was &#39;Row Tor, - believed to be the homonym of &#39;Rough Tor&#39;: named by Matthew Flinders on his maritime survey.</p><br>
<p>The Penn Center, formerly the Penn School, is an African-American cultural and educational center near Frogmore, South Carolina, on Saint Helena Island. Founded in 1862 by missionaries from Pennsylvania, it was the first school founded in the Southern United States specifically for the education of African-Americans. It provided critical educational facilities to Gullah slaves freed after plantation owners fled the island, and continues to fulfill an educational mission. The campus was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1974. Darrah Hall and Brick Baptist Church on the campus were declared part of Reconstruction Era National Monument in January 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Penn Center is located about one mile south of Frogmore on Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard. The 47 acre campus is divided by the road, and includes a number of historic buildings related to the original function as a school, including classrooms, living spaces for students, teachers, and administrators. The dates of construction of many of the buildings is not known, and they are not considered architecturally significant. The oldest building on the campus is the 1855 Brick Church, built by the plantation owners of the island.</p><br>
<p>At the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, Union Army forces quickly captured Saint Helena Island, prompting the local plantation owners to flee. The military administration of the island partitioned the old plantations, giving the land to the former slaves who lived there. The Penn School was established in 1862 by Laura Matilda Towne, an abolitionist missionary from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a school for the freed slaves, which was named after Townes state of origin. The Brick Church was used as an early meeting, educational, and administrative space, and the schools first dedicated educational building was constructed in 1864, from prefabricated parts shipped from Pennsylvania. The school remained an active educational institution for the islands population until 1948, when the state took over public education on the island. The institution then became the Penn Center, and as continued an educational mission for the islands preschoolers and adults, as well as maintaining a museum, cultural center, and conference meeting space.</p><br>
<p>The Convent and Academy of the Visitation, properly known today as the Visitation Monastery, is a historic complex of Roman Catholic religious buildings and a small cemetery in Mobile, Alabama, United States. The buildings and grounds were documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1937. They were added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1992 as a part of Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission. It, along with the Convent of Mercy, is one of two surviving historic convent complexes in Mobile.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Convent of the Visitation was founded by Bishop Michael Portier, the first bishop of Mobile. Portier wished to found a convent for the Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary so that they could provide education to girls in his diocese, due to a lack of schools. He obtained permission from Pope Gregory XVI for that purpose and in 1832 the first five sisters arrived from Georgetown.</p><br>
<p>The academy taught 40 students the first year and enrollment continued to increase up until a fire in May 1854 destroyed the buildings. Rebuilding of the convent commenced one month after the fire with a new quadrangle of buildings that form the core of the convent to the present day. Architect James Henry Hutchisson designed these buildings in a French Renaissance style. They were completed in 1855.</p><br>
<p>The academy had grown to include a high school and grammar school by the early 1900s. They were housed in a three story school building on the west side of the quadrangle, built in 1900. Both had closed by 1952 and the former school building was demolished in 1953. The sisters then began a retreat house. The retreat continues into the present, hosting retreat groups for men, women, and adolescents, as well as a variety of other events. Numerous major restoration efforts were undertaken from 1985 to 1991. The interiors of Sacred Heart Chapel were completely restored beginning in 1998 with rededication late in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The major buildings include the quadrangle of French Renaissance Revival style buildings completed in 1855, in addition to several later structures. The Romanesque Revival Sacred Heart Chapel was completed on the grounds in 1895. A priest&#39;s house for visiting clerics was completed in 1899, in a stylistic blending of the Romanesque Revival and Gothic Revival styles. The grounds of the convent are enclosed with high brick walls, dating to the 1850s. In addition to the outer wall, inner walls separate the public and private areas of the main complex and also enclose a private cemetery for the Order of the Visitation. The graves are marked by simple white crosses.</p><br>
<p>Union Pass is a high mountain pass in the Wind River Range situated in Fremont County of western Wyoming in the United States. The pass is located on the Continental Divide between the Gros Ventre mountains on the west and the Wind River Range on the east. A triple divide exists nearby, where water may flow to the Mississippi River, Columbia River, or Colorado River. The pass was historically used by Native Americans and early mountain men including the Astor Expedition in 1811 on its way west. On the return trip, fearing hostile Indian activity near Union Pass, the Astorians chose a southern route and discovered South Pass.</p><br>
<p>The pass was named by USA Army Captain William F. Raynolds in 1860. Raynolds was in charge of the Raynolds Expedition which was exploring the Yellowstone region immediately prior to the Civil War. After mountain man and guide Jim Bridger led the expedition over the pass, Raynolds gave the pass its current name.</p><br>
<p>The Wyoming state highway map lists the following trails of the Union Pass area:</p><br>
<p>Indian trails</p><br>
<p>John Colter (1807)</p><br>
<p>General Phil Sheridan, President Arthur (1833)</p><br>
<p>fur trappers, Captain Bonneville, Captain Raynolds</p><br>
<p>Bridger, Hayden (1860)</p><br>
<p>prospectors</p><br>
<p>hunters</p><br>
<p>settlers</p><br>
<p>Local student JessicaRose also lives up Union with her 2 siblings</p><br>
<p>2 foxes we saw while up at JessicaRose&#39;s House</p><br>
<p>An unimproved dirt road crosses the pass, connecting USA Route 287 near Dubois to USA Route 189 in Pinedale.</p><br>
<p>The Page-Walker Hotel, also known as The Page-Walker Arts & History Center is a historic house museum and former hotel located in Cary, North Carolina. The founder of the town of Cary, Allison Francis Page, built the Second Empire style hotel about 1868, and J. R. Walker bought it later. Page&#39;s son, Walter Hines Page  was an American journalist, publisher, and diplomat.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From 1868 until 1916, passengers from the Southern and Seaboard Air Line railroads stayed at the Page-Walker Hotel. The building served as a boarding house and private residence from 1916 until 1980. After the business closed, the building sat vacant and deteriorated for five years until the Cary Town Council purchased the property. Volunteers restored the exterior of the hotel to its original design.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Arts & History Center also contains the Cary Heritage Museum, gallery exhibitions, educational rooms, an archive gallery, a smokehouse, and a garden. The Page-Walker Hotel was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Events Today</h2><br>
<p>The Page-Walker currently hosts a variety of events such as weddings. Annually, they host a "Paint the Page" art contest in which young artists from grades 8-12 are invited to draw an aspect of the building that inspires them most.</p><br>
<p>Roc-aux-Sorciers is an Upper Paleolithic rock shelter site dating to the mid-Magdalenian cultural stage, ca 14,000 yBP, made famous by its relief wall carvings. The site is in the French commune of Angles-sur-lAnglin, in Vienne. The name Sorcerers Rock, with its suggestions of pagan rendez-vous, was applied to the site long before the wall-carvings were discovered.</p><br>
<p>The south-facing rock-shelter at the base of the slopes of the Douce, above the right bank of the Anglin, about 1.5 km above the village, is composed of two geologically distinct sections; below is the Abri Bourdois, a classic rock-shelter site beneath a slight overhang, and above is the Cave Taillebourg, a deeper vestibule. The two parts are separated by a zone that has not yet been excavated, kept in reserve. The site was classed a Monument Historique, 18 January 1955.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation history</h2><br>
<p>The history of discoveries at Roc-aux-Sorciers begins in 1927, when Lucien Rousseau discovered the Paleolithic habitation and identified it as mid-Magdalenian in its culture. He began excavations in the Cave Taillebourg and recovered an engraved stone in which Henri Breuil detected the representation of a mammoth. Some years later, Suzanne de Saint-Mathurin became aware of Rousseau&#39;s article and decided to explore further, hoping to find some incised plaquettes like those from the cave at Lussac-les-Châteaux, also in Vienne. Assisted by her friend Dorothy Garrod, she carried out a decade of intensive campaigns between 1947 and 1957, and followed more sporadically until 1964. The team discovered carved blocks with sculpted and incised figures, sometimes painted, of bison, horses, wild goats, felines and the figure of a man. It soon became clear that these fragments had fallen from the roof of the Cave Taillebourg. Only the carved and painted figure of a bison (illustration, right above) has remained in place.</p><br>
<p>The sculpted frieze was discovered from 1950. It is composed of bison, horses, wild goats, felines, and the headless and footless figures of women, of the type conventionally called Venuses.</p><br>
<h2>The sculpted frieze of the Abri Bourdois</h2><br>
<p>The sculpted frieze is exceptional for the evidence it offers of the technical mastery of Magdalenian sculptors, for the anatomical details and the impression of power given to volumes in the play of firelight. Both animal and human figures strive for realism, a rarity in paleolithic art that reinforces the unique value of the site.</p><br>
<p>The excavations brought to light the evidence of human occupation associated with this wall art, of a material culture represented in jewelry, lamps, and tools in flint, in bone and horn and in ivory. The frieze, some twenty metres in length, is an impressively monumental work of art. Numerous finely engraved figures show that graphic values could be expressed on an intimate scale as well.</p><br>
<p>The Sir Walter Hotel is the oldest surviving hotel building in Raleigh, North Carolina. Constructed between 1923 and 1924 on Fayetteville Street and named after Sir Walter Raleigh, the hotel was nicknamed North Carolina’s “third house of government,” due to its location and being a focal point for state political activity until the 1960s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Capital Construction Company was formed in 1923 to build a hotel in Raleigh to attract convention traffic that had been going to Greensboro and Durham. In January 1924, the Hotel Sir Walter opened. It was the largest building in the southern portion of Raleigh&#39;s business district. The hotel became the unofficial headquarters of the North Carolina Democratic Party, at the time the dominant political force in the state. By 1925, the Sir Walter was home to over 80 percent of the state legislature. In addition to legislators, the hotel was home to lobbyists, aides, jurors, newspapermen, businessmen and other influential individuals over the next three decades.</p><br>
<p>The Great Depression forced the building’s owners into bankruptcy in 1934. The hotel was leased to the North State Hotel Company in 1935 and fully renovated. After the company added 50 rooms in 1938, the hotel became the largest in the state and gave the Sir Walter a reputation as one of North Carolina’s top convention hotels.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, the hotel was sold to the Robert Meyer hotel chain. During the 1960s, suburban motel development, the completion of the new state Legislative Building, and general downtown decline affected the hotel&#39;s business. The Meyer chain sold the hotel in 1964, and in 1967 owner John A. Williams donated the Hotel Sir Walter to the North Carolina State University Foundation. The $2 million hotel continued operating under the same management and employees. Profits from the hotel went to support student scholarships and financial aid. On February 13, 1968, the hotel briefly joined the Sheraton chain and was renamed the Sheraton-Sir Walter Hotel. In early 1969, the university sold the hotel to Plaza Associates for $1.84 million. Plaza then traded the hotel to developer Kidd Brewer on March 28, 1969 for the land on which the Crabtree Valley Mall would be built. The hotel left Sheraton soon after, returning to its original name.</p><br>
<p>By 1975, as downtown Raleigh decayed and demand for hotel rooms plummeted, the majority of the building had been converted to offices for the North Carolina Department of Transportation and other businesses. The building was sold to Goldsboro developer David Weil in 1978 and converted into the Sir Walter Apartments, housing 140 apartments for seniors. It was sold in 2017 to an Ohio-based developer who plans to restore it, possibly returning it to use as a hotel, offices or apartments.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Sir Walter is typical of hotels of the 1920s. It is a 10-story imposing L-shaped building primarily made of brick, with classical stone ornamentation at the street and roof levels. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 1978 as the Sir Walter Raleigh Hotel. The Sir Walter Hotel is now a designated Raleigh Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<p>Newlands Beck is a minor river of Cumbria in England.</p><br>
<p>The beck rises on Dale Head and flows northwards through the picturesque Newlands Valley, past the settlement of Little Town and between Braithwaite and Portinscale before flowing into Bassenthwaite Lake north east of Thornthwaite.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>* Chapel Beck</p><br>
<p>** Comb Beck</p><br>
<p>*** Comb Gill</p><br>
<p>**** Black Gill</p><br>
<p>** Grisedale Gill</p><br>
<p>** Sanderson Gill</p><br>
<p>* Hallgarth Beck</p><br>
<p>** Masmill Beck</p><br>
<p>* Pow Beck</p><br>
<p>* Coledale Beck</p><br>
<p>** Barrow Gill</p><br>
<p>** Birkthwaite Beck</p><br>
<p>** Pudding Beck</p><br>
<p>* Pow Beck</p><br>
<p>* Stonycroft Gill</p><br>
<p>* Rigg Beck</p><br>
<p>* Yewthwaite Gill</p><br>
<p>* Keskadale Beck</p><br>
<p>** Ill Gill</p><br>
<p>*** Ard Gill</p><br>
<p>** Dudmanscomb Gill</p><br>
<p>** High Hole Beck</p><br>
<p>** Moss Beck</p><br>
<p>* Scope Beck</p><br>
<p>** Deep Gill</p><br>
<p>* Parrocks Gill</p><br>
<p>* Barnes Gill</p><br>
<p>* Near Broadgill</p><br>
<p>* Lewthwaite Gill</p><br>
<p>* Far Broadgill</p><br>
<p>* Step Gill</p><br>
<p>* Near Tongue Gill</p><br>
<p>* Far Tongue Gill</p><br>
<p>Smari  is a traditional small Cretan village, only 7 km away from the town of Kastelli and only 23 km. away from Heraklion, which is the capital of the island of Crete. According to the 2011 census, it has 387 registered inhabitants. Most of them stay and work in Heraklion.</p><br>
<p>The village is first mentioned in 1375 in a document of the Ducal Archive of Chandax.</p><br>
<p>In it you will find beautiful old stone houses that have been restored, picturesque little alleys, and ruins of older buildings and pottery workshops where you can purchase copies of Byzantine and Minoan ceramics.</p><br>
<p>Agriculture and animal farming are the main activities of people staying permanently at the village. Traditionally, olive oil, wine and animal products have been the main source of income. In earlier years the village has been famous for its male population who were known traders of olive oil. They had been crossing the Crete Island by horses or donkeys selling olive oil. Instead of money, mostly they had been paid in form of other products, which were not possible to be produced at Smari.</p><br>
<p>Smari is one of the few villages in the area which is characterized by a cultural, social and building growth during the recent years. This is due to a variety of factors. Among them the foremost is the love of the local people to revive the tradition. They have created a very active cultural association which is the cornerstone of each new effort towards the future.</p><br>
<p>There is a lively Cretan feast on July 20 in honour of Profitis Ilias, with much rejoicing, singing and dancing.</p><br>
<h2>Historic Data</h2><br>
<h3>Archaeology</h3><br>
<p>Smari has a very long history and was inhabited, according to reliable sources, from the proto-Minoan period onwards. The archeological relics in the Akropolis of the hill called Profitis Hlias, excavated under the direction of the Archeologist D. Hatzi Vallianou, indicate a continuous human presence from the Middle-Minoan period to about 630 B.C.</p><br>
<p>On the top of the hill, on a field surface of 30 by 40 m. called Troulli, surrounded by a fortification wall, three rectangular constructions matching megaron buildings were excavated as well as a sanctuary of Athina Ergani, courtyards, and additional secondary buildings, all dating back to the Geometric/Eastern period (800-630 B.C.)</p><br>
<p>Earlier remains dating to the Middle-Minoan/Old-Palatial periods were also found, even though the architectural remains from these periods have not been preserved except on the surrounding wall, which was built according to Pythagorean Theorem.</p><br>
<p>According to the Archeologist-researcher D.Hadzi-Vallianou these buildings were the seat of the local Hegemon (powerful leader) of the area during the Geometric/Eastern periods. The detection of social structures similar to those described by Homer as belonging to aristocrats could lead us to believe that Troulli was the seat of the ancient Homeric Lyttos</p><br>
<p>Surrounding these buildings on the top of Troulli, excavations have also revealed a few more buildings, store rooms, workshops and one building containing a pyre.</p><br>
<p>In the wider area of Smari there have also been discovered the remains of ten buildings dating from the Minoan to the Roman Empire periods, the most important of which are the vaulted tomb at the hill of Livaditsa and one Roman rural residence at the entrance to the villa.</p><br>
<h3>Name</h3><br>
<p>The name has been stemming from the Greek word “smari” which is used to describe a dense populated place. It is claimed that Smari was such a place in the past.</p><br>
<h3>Churches</h3><br>
<p>Going down from Smari Acropolis (Alt. 594 m.) in the direction to Smari village, you can see the church of Profitis Ilias among the trees and gushing water, a real oasis to visitors suffering from the hot Cretan summer. Next to it stands the church of Agios Georgios with wonderful wall paintings. At the southern side of the Acropolis is the Kallergi monastery, a place of calm and recollection, an ideal place to meditate and get in touch with your own spirituality. There are also some interesting churches with wonderful frescoes like the one dedicated to Sotir Christos, the Koimisi tis Panagias and Agios Giorgos. A very important church is the one of Agios Ioannis where it is also hosted Agioi Pantes</p><br>
<p>Broxton Old Hall  is in Old Coach Road 0.5 mi west of the village of Brown Knowl, in the civil parish of Broxton, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site has been occupied since before 1327. The oldest surviving part of the present house dates from 1595, when it was built for Thomas Dod.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is timber-framed with oak frames and plaster panels. The roofs are of stone slates and have ornate bargeboards and finials. The chimneys consist of detached diagonal flues. The house is in two storeys. The original part of the house has four bays and two gables and a gabled porch. To the left of this part of the house is a recessed wing with one gable and to its right is a projecting wing with one gable. To the sides of each of these are further recessed wings, that to the left having a further gable. The windows are of oak; those in the upper storey have mullions and those in the lower storey have mullions and transoms. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described it as being "an ornate gabled black and white house".</p><br>
<p>The lodge to the hall is also listed Grade II. It is dated 1873, is a timber-framed building on a brick plinth and was designed by John Douglas. It has one storey and is in Jacobethan style.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The grounds of the hall contain a formal garden, garden terraces, lawns, a lake, follies and a yew avenue. The grounds are not open to the public. In the garden is a structure cut into a cliff and partly lined with blocks of sandstone. It dates from the early 19th century or before. Its base measures around 6m square and it is 4m high. On the floor are stone flags and the ceiling slopes to a central ridge. To its right is a shallow partly natural cave. The structure is a Grade II listed building. It has been described variously as a "stone parlour", a grotto, or King James&#39; Parlour.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph H. Rainey House, also known as the Rainey-Camlin House, is a historic house at 909 Prince Street in Georgetown, South Carolina. Built in the 1760s, it was the home of the first black United States Congressman, Joseph H. Rainey, a former slave. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Rainey</h2><br>
<p>Rainey, born a slave in 1832 in Georgetown, became a freed black as his parents succeeded in buying their own freedom. His parents were reasonably prosperous with a barbershop business in Charleston, South Carolina which allowed Joseph to gain some private education.</p><br>
<p>He worked as a steward on a Confederate blockade-runner ship in 1861. After he was drafted to serve the Confederacy as a laborer in 1862, he was able to escape with his wife to Bermuda, where he also worked as a barber and continued his education.</p><br>
<p>In 1866, they returned to South Carolina. In 1868 he was elected to the South Carolina state senate. In 1870 he assumed the USA Congress position denied to B. F. Whittemore on grounds of Whittemore&#39;s apparent corruption. He was reelected, and served four terms, finally losing election in 1878.</p><br>
<p>He was the longest serving Black congressman until William L. Dawson in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>As a Congressman he spoke vigorously in support of enforcement of the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871.</p><br>
<p>Rainey returned to his Georgetown home in 1886 and died in 1887.</p><br>
<h2>Home on Prince Street</h2><br>
<p>According to "local tradition", the house was Rainey&#39;s birthplace in 1832, and his family lived here until they moved to Charleston in 1846. More surely known is that "it was from here that he launched his political career in 1867." While Rainey served in Congress, the house was his district headquarters and he lived here when on recess from Congress.</p><br>
<p>The home on Prince Street in Georgetown is a single family clapboarded house. It is 2½ stories tall, with two chimneys and a hipped roof interrupted by hipped dormers. It was restored during 1973-74. Much of the home is original, including cypress paneling, pine floors, and wainscotting.</p><br>
<p>The home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and further was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Fossil Falls is a unique geological feature, located in the Coso Range of California in the United States. Volcanic activity in the mountain range, along with meltwater from glaciers in the nearby Sierra Nevada, played a role in the creation of the falls. They are located near Little Lake, Inyo County, California, 1.0 mi off US 395  on Cinder Road to Red Hill, with signs to Fossil Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>During the last ice age, glaciers formed in the Sierra Nevada. Meltwater from the glaciers pooled into large lakes, including Owens Lake and the Owens River. The river traveled through to Indian Wells Valley, and its course was diverted several times by volcanic activity. The falls were formed when the river was forced to divert its course over a basalt flow, polishing and reshaping the rock into a variety of unique shapes and forms.</p><br>
<p>All the lava flows at Fossil Falls are basaltic. The Coso Volcanic Field brought flows from the north east and later Red Hill, which can be viewed from Fossil Falls, released the younger lava. The flows occurred between 400,000 years ago and 10,000 years ago. During this period, the glacial flows would run through Fossil Falls and smooth the vesicular basalt. The erosion found at Fossil Falls was formed by the youngest glacial runoff, called the Tioga, from the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the small gas vesicles in the basalt, there are large, perfectly circular penetrations in the basalt. These are erosional features called potholes. It is speculated that Red Hill cast out granitic detritus which fell into Fossil Falls. Water accelerates as it moves past the rocks. The relatively still water ahead forced the moving water to slow down and rotate to form an eddy. The high velocity currents were enough to catch the granitic rocks from Red Hill and spiral them downwards in multiple vortices, drilling them into the basalt. Sediments would get trapped and continue to circularly erode the holes.</p><br>
<p>Fossil Falls originally started downstream from where it sits today; it moved upstream as waterfalls typically do. Water falling over the edge of the waterfall undercut the falls and caused them to move upstream and grow taller. This process is called plunge-pool erosion.</p><br>
<h2>Native Americans near Fossils Falls</h2><br>
<p>Bands of Native Americans, such as the Coso People, lived in the region as early as ten to twenty thousand years ago, camping along the now dry river. They harvested resources and hunted the large animals which lived there at the time. By 6000 BCE, however, these early inhabitants were forced by increasingly arid conditions to partially abandon the region. As conditions began to switch back to a relatively moderate climate at around 4000 BCE, Native Americans started to return to the area. They practiced a new culture, which emphasized using the resources available to them in the desert. The way of life that these people practiced survived until the 19th century, when the native tribe called the Little Lake Shoshone first made contact with Europeans.</p><br>
<p>Flakes of obsidian can be found in the area, for the Native Americans would camp near Fossil Falls and chip obsidian from the Coso Mountains to form their tools. The Fossil Falls archeological District is on the National Register of Historic Places. Fossil Falls is protected as an area of Critical Environmental Concern by the Bureau of Land Management. Native American artifacts may not be removed from the area.</p><br>
<p>Snow&#39;s Island is an area of swampy lowlands along the Pee Dee River in Florence County, South Carolina. The area is historically significant as the headquarters during the American Revolutionary War for forces led by Francis Marion , a South Carolina militia officer who is celebrated as the "Swamp Fox." Employing guerrilla war tactics, Marion significantly contributed to the American war effort by conducting numerous raids on British outposts." The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Snow&#39;s Island is located in a remote and swampy area of Florence County, on private land south of the main channel of the Pee Dee River east of Johnsonville. The property is not open to the public, but may be visible from the end of Dunham Bluff Road, off USA Route 378 on the north side of the river. The contours of the land have been altered over time due to logging activities that have changed the course of the river, and there are no definitively identified remains associated with the American Revolutionary War period. The site was in 1780 a plantation, whose exact boundaries have not been identified, and the area has been logged several times and used as a private hunting preserve.</p><br>
<p>The area&#39;s historical significance lies in its four-month occupation by the militia forces of General Francis Marion, who orchestrated guerilla-style attacks on British targets from this base between December 1780 and March 1781. At that time, British forces dedicated to locating Marion found the camp and destroyed it; Marion and most of his band of several hundred men were not there at the time. The only known potential artifact associated with the Marion occupation is an earthen formation that may be a military defensive works.</p><br>
<p>Round Mountain, 2,296 ft, located on the border of southwest Massachusetts and northwest Connecticut, is a prominent peak of the Taconic Range. The peak and southern slopes of the mountain are within Connecticut; the northern slope lies within Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is located within the towns of Mount Washington, Massachusetts and Salisbury, Connecticut; much of it has been conserved as part of Massachusetts Mount Washington State Forest and Connecticuts Mount Riga Forest Preserve. The south side of Round Mountain drains into Riga Lake and South Pond, then into Wachocostinook Brook, Salmon Creek, the Housatonic River, and Long Island Sound. The north side drains into Sages Ravine, thence into Schenob Brook, the Housatonic River, and Long Island Sound. Round Mountain is bordered by Mount Frissell to the northwest, Mount Ashley to the north, and Bear Mountain to the east.</p><br>
<p>Round Mountain is traversed by the Mount Frissell Trail which connects with the South Taconic Trail to the west and the Appalachian Trail to the east.</p><br>
<p>The Colonel John Stuart House is a historic house at 104-106 Tradd Street in Charleston, South Carolina. Built in 1772, it is the citys oldest known example of a side-hall plan house. It is nationally significant as the home of Colonel John Stuart, who was the Kings Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the South. He did much to improve relations with the Five Civilized Tribes, especially the Cherokee Nation between the Seven Years&#39; War and the American Revolutionary War. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Stuart House is located in historic downtown Charleston, at the northwest corner of Tradd and Orange Streets. It is a three story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, flushboarded front, and clapboarded side and rear walls. The main facade faces south, with the front entrance in the leftmost of three bays, flanked by fluted Corinthian columns and topped by a rounded transom window entablature and gabled denticulated pediment. Windows on the first two levels are topped by gabled and bracketed pediments, with bracketed lintels. Third floor windows, which butt against the eave, have a simpler hood above. The building interior is arranged with a long hall on the left, with the main stair at its rear. A significant number of it interior finishes are high-quality and careful 20th-century reproductions of the originals, which were moved to a museum in 1930.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1772 for John Stuart, a native-born Scot who came to North America in 1746. In 1762 he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the southern British colonies, in which role he was involved in maintaining peaceful relations with the Native American tribes of the region, in particular the Five Civilized Tribes. Politically Loyalist as relations deteriorated between the colonies and Great Britain, Stuart was arrested in 1775 for inciting the Natives against the colonists in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. He escaped imprisonment, and fled to West Florida, from where he directed Native activities in opposition to the rebel colonists until his death in 1779.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tlaloc  is a mountain and archaeological site in central Mexico. It is located in the State of Mexico, in the municipalities of Ixtapaluca and Texcoco, close to the state border with Puebla. Formerly an active volcano, it has an official altitude of 4,120 m above sea level, thus being the 9th tallest mountain of Mexico.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was considered by the Nahuan peoples, foremost among them the Aztecs, to be specially sacred to the raingod Tlaloc. In fact, the mountain was believed to be one of his primary earthly dwelling places, called Tlalocan. Attribution of this and other mountains to the sacred presence of rain deities predates the Aztec era by centuries, even millennia. At the summit there are still remains of a shrine where high ceremonies would have been carried out. The rites of Tlaloc were otherwise performed at his temples, most famously that occupying one half of the Templo Mayor at the heart of the temple precinct of nearby Mexico-Tenochtitlan. The inherent analogy of temple pyramids to sacred mountains allows for the very likely possibility that the central temple of the Aztec capital, as such, was at least partly a symbolic representation of the actual mount Tlaloc, and that the summit shrine of the temple was itself an analogue to that atop the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Together with mount Telapón (4,060 m) and some other, lower peaks, mount Tlaloc forms the "Sierra de Río Frío", the northernmost tip of the Sierra Nevada. The mountain is easily accessible from Federal Highway 150 at the town of Río Frío de Juárez. The long, but easy and non-technical hike provides an elevation gain of over 1200 m. More strenuous routes depart from San Pablo Ixayoc and from other towns outside Texcoco.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain's precinct</h2><br>
<p>Mount Tlaloc features an enclosed precinct on its summit which could be reached through by taking a pathway up the mountain and entering the western side of the enclosure. The structure of the precinct consisted largely of pumice and tufa, which were locally found and were easily molded due to their soft physicality.The precinct houses 5 rock formations, one at the center and 4 at the corners of the tetzacualo, or courtyard. The center rock is thought to be analogous to the Codex Borgia which depicts Tlaloc standing in the center of his four rain forms (which are represented by the four directions). These 5 rock formations are representative of the Tlaloque, which are spirits that used vessels of water to distribute rain across the land. In addition, one side of the courtyard featured a construct that housed a statue of Tlaloc among other idols that represented nearby sacred regions. This precinct served a major role in allowing a setting at which supplication could be made to the Tlaloque for sustenance of crops and the people of Mesoamerica.</p><br>
<h2>Ritual practices</h2><br>
<p>The Aztecs were known for their rituals that were undertaken in order to secure rain for the land. Extravagant ceremonies, plentiful offerings, and the lives of young Mesoamericans were all offered to Tlaloc in order to please him several times each year with an emphasis at the beginning of the rain season. One annual feast called Huey Tozoztli occurred atop Mount Tlaloc and coincided with the date of highest annual temperature, which usually occurred in April, right before the start of the rainy season. The rulers and elites of Tenochtitlan and nearby states, such as Xochimilco, Tlaxcala, and Tlacopan, were also cited to have joined the feast. Another ceremony that took place atop Mount Tlaloc was Atlachualo which was celebrated from mid-February to early March. This ceremony involved the sacrifice of children who were dressed “like gods” and taken to the mountain top and had their hearts removed for ceremonial purposes. The children were encouraged to cry because their tears symbolized abundant rains and if they did not cry on their own on the way to the precinct, their fingernails were cited to have been removed to incite tears. The main objective of these offerings were to please Tlaloc and the Tlaloque in order to ensure rainfall for the rainy season to come, hence why both of the above ceremonies occurred a few months before the rainy season of summer.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological findings</h2><br>
<p>Due to the irregularities of the damage done to the walls of the enclosure, researchers have claimed that the damage was likely as a result of human contact, rather than natural phenomena. The site was originally covered with pieces of green stone, shards of pottery, and obsidian blades. The archaeologists claim that the site maybe have been used up until the end of the Christian era. The modern shrine that appears is currently at the summit was likely built around the 1970s as an aerial view of the ritual site in 1956 does not show the current statue.</p><br>
<p>French Meadows Reservoir is a manmade lake 36 mi northeast of Foresthill, California, United States on the Middle Fork of the American River. The reservoir is 2.9 mi long, 0.6 mi wide, with 7.3 mi of shoreline.</p><br>
<p>Tahoe National Forest manages the recreational facilities which include five campgrounds, two group campgrounds and two paved boat launch ramps. Activities at the lake include powerboating, kayaking, canoeing, fishing, picniking and hiking. The reservoir is entirely within a state game refuge so no firearms, pellet guns or archery weapons are allowed.</p><br>
<p>The elevation of the lake is 5,263 ft and is nine miles (14 km) from the crest of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir was built in December 1964 with the construction on the Middle Fork of the American River of the L.L. Anderson Dam. The dam is rock-fill with earth core. The capacity of the reservoir is 125,601 acre.ft of water. French Meadows Reservoir is part of the Middle Fork Project for hydroelectric power generation and most of its water is diverted to the French Meadows Powerhouse, located along the north shore of Hell Hole Reservoir, by an underground tunnel. Releases from French Meadows Reservoir to the powerhouse began one year later, December 13, 1965. A minimal "fish flow" is released into the natural waterway of the Middle Fork American river for fish and wildlife habitat considerations. The project is operated by the Placer County Water Agency.</p><br>
<p>Mullaghmast ,  is a hill in the south of County Kildare, Leinster, near the village of Ballitore and near the borders with Wicklow, Laois and Carlow. It was an important site in prehistory, in early history and again in more recent times. It is classed as a National Monument by the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government.</p><br>
<h2>Legend and prehistory</h2><br>
<p>The Metrical Dindshenchas, or Lore of Places, a Middle Irish collection of poetry purporting to explain the origins of Irish place names, claims that Mullaghmast is named for Maistiu, wife of Dáire Derg, who was killed by the sorcery of the malicious faery Gris, who was in turned killed by Dáire Derg.</p><br>
<p>A standing stone from Mullaghmast, decorated with a triskele, thought to belong to the very end of the prehistoric period, or perhaps to the early Christian period, is now in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin.</p><br>
<p>Mullaghmast was the royal residence of the Uí Muiredaig kings (later to become the O&#39;Toole family), a sept of the Uí Dúnlainge dynasty of the Laigin.</p><br>
<h2>1578 Massacre of Mullaghmast</h2><br>
<p>The 40 lords of Laois and Offaly and their families were invited to a peace conference by Sir Henry Sidney on or around New Years Day 1578; Sidney rose and left the unarmed lords and their wives, children and followers, and all except one were killed by Sidneys men, leaving the castle strewn with body parts and drenched in blood. This genocidal killing, reputedly of 400 people including 120 OMores, virtually the whole OMore family, emptied the country of authority, allowing for the foundation of the English plantations of the counties that were subsequently named Queens County and Kings County.</p><br>
<p>From the Annals of the Four Masters:</p><br>
<p>M1577.14. A horrible and abominable act of treachery was committed by the English of Leinster and Meath upon that part of the people of Offaly and Leix that remained in confederacy with them, and under their protection. It was effected thus: they were all summoned to shew themselves, with the greatest number they could be able to bring with them, at the great ráth of Mullach-Maistean; and on their arrival at that place they were surrounded on every side by four lines of soldiers and cavalry, who proceeded to shoot and slaughter them without mercy, so that not a single individual escaped, by flight or force.</p><br>
<p>M1577.14. Feall urghranna adhuathmhar do dhénamh lá Gallaibh Laighean & Midhe ar an meid baoí ina rann fein, & ro an for a n-ionchaibh do Uíbh Failghe & do Laoighis. Bá h-amhlaidh do-rónadh ind sin. Ro toghairmeadh iad uile dia t-taisbénadh gusan líon as lia nó caomhsadaoís do thabairt leó go ráith mhóir Mhullaigh Mhaistean & iar rochtain dóibh gusan maighin-sin, ro h-iadadh ceithri sretha ina n-uirtimceall ima c-cuairt do shaighdiúiridhibh & do mharc-shluagh, & ro gabhadh occ á n-diubhraccadh gan dhicheall, occa mudhucchadh & occ á mór mharbhadh coná térna sceolanga, ná elaitheach ass a m-bethaidh díobh.</p><br>
<h2>Sport</h2><br>
<p>St Laurence&#39;s GAA is based in the parish of Narraghmore, encompassing Kilmeade, Booley, Narraghmore, Calverstown, Kilgowan, Brewel, Ballymount, Ballitore and Mullaghmast.</p><br>
<p>Tally-Ho Plantation House, Bayou Goula, Louisiana.</p><br>
<p>Iberville Parish records show that Tally Ho was owned by Jean Fleming, a free man of color, sometime before 1855. There were several more owners after Fleming. John Dobbins Murrell of Virginia bought the plantation in 1848, and it has remained in the family ever since. The home is said to have been moved back from the Mississippi River twice and the main house burned in 1945. The name Tally Ho is said to reflect Murrells fox-hunting background. The current house is what was used as the overseers home. It is a raised Acadian cottage with Classical Revival influences.</p><br>
<p>The plantation&#39;s river dock was the site of showboat performances. The New Sensations, the first of the Mississippi River troubadours, stopped there in 1878 to perform a vaudeville-type show. The barn, office and a slave cabin remain down a side road.</p><br>
<p>The Watchman Lookout Station No. 168 is one of two fire lookout towers in Crater Lake National Park in southern Oregon. For many years, National Park Service personnel used the lookout to watch for wildfires during the summer months. It is also a popular hiking destination because it offers an excellent view of Crater Lake and the surrounding area. The building is unusual because it serves the dual purpose of fire lookout and museum. The Watchman Lookout Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Watchman Lookout Station is located 8,025 feet above sea level on Watchman Peak, a high point on the western rim above Crater Lake. Watchman Peak was named by William Gladstone Steel in 1886 when he brought a survey team to Crater Lake to measure its depth. The lookout structure (designated "Building 168") was constructed in 1932, and served the dual purpose of fire lookout and trail museum. The lookout location was selected by Merel S. Sager of the National Park Service Landscape Division.</p><br>
<p>Early detection and prompt suppression of forest fires was a primary responsibility of the National Park Service. Lookouts, like the one on Watchman Peak, were located on heights overlooking great expanses of forest area. The Watchman tower was part of the fire detection network for Crater Lake National Park which included a number of National Park Service, United States Forest Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs lookouts. A trained observer, usually a park ranger, manned the lookout and kept in contact with the fire dispatcher at the park headquarters on short-wave radio. During the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps also provided observers. The National Park Service manned the Watchman Lookout Station during fire season until 1974 and intermittently since then.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Watchman Lookout Station has significant interpretive value. Since the lookout was built, there has been a major philosophical change in how forest managers deal with wildfires. The Watchman tower provides visitors the opportunity to experience the essential elements of 1930&#39;s era fire lookout. The accessibility of the site, the unobstructed view on all sides, and the use of native materials that blend the structure into the surrounding landscape combine to make the Watchman Lookout Station a unique and historically significant structure. As a result, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The second floor is a four-sided observation room entirely enclosed in glass with a 17 ft by 17 ft catwalk around the outside. The first floor was built into the hill-top so the buildings footprint is somewhat irregular. Therefore, the lookouts second story is supported by a steel frame rather than resting entirely on the first floor structure. The lookout&#39;s native stone and log construction helps blend the structure into its mountain top environment. There is also a stone parapet in front of building that overlooks Crater Lake, 1,849 feet below.</p><br>
<h2>Watchman trail</h2><br>
<p>The trail to Watchman Lookout Station is approximately three-quarters of a mile up a modest grade. To reach the trailhead from Crater Lake National Park&#39;s Rim Village, take Rim Drive north 4 miles to a well marked pull-off parking area. The trail begins about 100 yards south of the parking area. The trail is normally open from mid-July through October.</p><br>
<p>Purpe  - is a river in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia.</p><br>
<p>It is the left tributary of the Pyakupur River The Purpe River is 327 km long. The area of the watershed is 5,110 km&sup2;. The most significant tributary is the Puritey River (left).</p><br>
<p>Flooding normally begins in May, sometimes at the end of April, peaking in two weeks and will end in the second half of June. The average duration of approximately two months, from mid-May to mid-July. The biggest difference between the water level in the lower reaches is approximately 4 m. The average water flow is about 50 m3/s, and the total annual runoff is about 1.5 km3, of which half runs during floods. In summer and autumn are generally low rainfall floods. The most abounding month - June, the low - March and April. River freezes usually in the second - the third decade of October, an average of 18 - 20 numbers, opened at the end of May. Freeze and an autopsy is accompanied by short ice. The average length of ice about 220 days. The average thickness of the ice at the end of winter 80 – 85 cm River are some deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials (Umseyskoe, Gubkinskoe, Purpeyskoe Southern, Eastern Purpeyskoe, Novopur-peyskoe, Komsomolskaya, North Komsomolskaya etc.)</p><br>
<p>The Central Library is a three-story public library branch in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1913, it serves as the main branch of the Multnomah County Library system. The Georgian style building was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Central Building, Public Library in 1979 and underwent major renovations in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Library Association of Portland was formed in 1864. After going through several locations during the first half-century of existence, the library board decided on a new large main branch for downtown Portland in 1911. The building was designed by architect A. E. Doyle, and opened on September 6, 1913. It was one of the first libraries in the United States to feature an open plan design of the interior. Construction on the building lasted for two years and cost $480,000 to complete.</p><br>
<p>The Central Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Central Building, Public Library on June 11, 1979. On July 1, 1990, the private Library Association of Portland officially transferred ownership of the library to Multnomah County. From 1902 until that date, the association owned the collections and buildings, but the operations were paid for by the local governments. From 1994 to 1997, the building was extensively renovated. During the remodel the Fifth Avenue Building, the former State Office Building, housed the library collection.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>Architecturally, the building was designed in the Georgian style. The main staircase at the library has a total of 92 steps. Artwork at the location includes the “Tree of Knowledge” by Dana Louis. The exterior walls are covered with Wilkinson Sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The branch is home to the Beverly Cleary Children’s Library and the Henry Failing Art and Music Library. Other features include the Sterling Room for Writers, the Collins Gallery on the third floor, and the John Wilson Room. The library’s collections weigh more than 875 tons and take up 17 mi of shelf space. A total of 130 computer terminals are available to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Khawak Pass  sits across the route heading to the northwest from near the head of the Panjshir Valley through the formidable Hindu Kush range to northern Afghanistan via Andarab and Baghlan.</p><br>
<p>This is the route traditionally thought to have been followed by Alexander the Great in the spring of 329 BCE when he led his army from the Kabul Valley across the mountains to Bactria (later Tokharistan in the north). Vincent Smith states that Alexander took his troops across both the Khāwak and the Kaoshān or Kushan Pass. However, according to some scholars, there is really no proof for this.</p><br>
<p>The Khāwak is most probably the pass used by the famous Chinese Buddhist pilgrim monk, Xuanzang, on his return from India to China in the early 7th century. In 1333 Ibn Battuta crossed the pass on his journey to India. When dictating his account over twenty years later he remembered spreading felt cloth in front of his camels to prevent them sinking into the snow.</p><br>
<p>It was also crossed by Timur (Tamerlane or Timur the Lame, 1336–1405), and by Captain John Wood on his return journey to the sources of the Oxus in the mid-19th century. It was the easternmost pass leading from the Kabul Valley into northern Afghanistan, and the most popular pass of this region.</p><br>
<p>This pass, so important for the early history of Afghanistan, is now for the most part bypassed by the paved road that runs through the Salang tunnel under the Salang Pass, completed by the Soviets in 1964, at a height of about 3,400 m. It links Charikar and Kabul with Kunduz, Khulm, Mazari Sharif and Termez.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>King Davids Peak, also known as the West Wall, is a mountain in the Central Highlands region of Tasmania, Australia. The mountain is situated in the Walls of Jerusalem National Park.</p><br>
<p>With an elevation of 1,499 m above sea level, it is the 16 highest mountain in Tasmania.</p><br>
<p>Like other features of the park, such as Herods Gate, Lake Salome, Solomons Jewels, Damascus Gate, the Pool of Bathesda, many features are named for places and people in the Bible. The mountain is named after the biblical ruler of Judea, King David. Its alternative name – The West Wall – is named after the West Wall in Jerusalem, Israel.</p><br>
<p>King Davids Peak is the most prominent feature of the national park, and is a popular venue with bushwalkers and mountain climbers.</p><br>
<p>The H Street Playhouse was a black-box theater and gallery located in the Atlas District, in Northeast Washington D.C. Home to resident companies Scena Theatre, Theater Alliance and Forum Theatre, the Playhouse also hosted African Continuum Theatre Company, Musefire, Landless Theater Company, Theater Blue, Journeymen Theater Company, Madcap Players, Solas Nua, Restoration Stage, Capitol Renaissance Theatre, and Barnstormers. After opening its doors in 2001, the H Street Playhouse, with Theater Alliance, was at the forefront of a movement to develop and revitalize the H Street commercial corridor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built in 1928 by William Oshinsky and leased to businesses or was vacant during his ownership of the property from construction to 1959.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally occupied by Sams Garage and Moller Motors according to the 1928 Business Directory. There is no evidence that the building was custom built for their intended use. Evidence and circumstance suggests that the building was built speculatively to capitalize on the demand for automobiles and the significant growth and flux of the automobile sales industry. In June 1928, the Hupmobile distributor in DC was listed as Mott Motors, Inc. with sales and service at 1507 14th St., NW and Union Station Garage at 50 H St., NE. An article headlined as NEW HUPMOBILE IS IN BIG DEMAND&#39; in the Washington Herald on Sunday July 15, 1928 stated: said TT Mott, Washington distributor. This situation as well as the pressure exerted by competing car companies and models, such as the new Plymouth 4 (model Q) introduced in July 1928, most probably encouraged Mott to expand to the 1300 block of H Street, NE.</p><br>
<p>In 1929 and 1930, the building at 1365 H St, NE was occupied as a branch automobile showroom of Mott Motors, Inc., owned by Thomas T. Mott. The main showroom was located at 1512-1520 14th Street, NW, listed as a Hupmobile Dealership. Another Mott showroom was located at 1738 14th Street, NW. This was a short-lived venture at 1365 H St, NE that appears to have ceased in the early thirties. In 1930, Thomas T. Mott lived in Bethesda, MD. One other Hupmobile dealership located in Washington, DC was owned by Sterret and Fleming, located on Champlain Street at Kalorama Rd, NW and 1223 Connecticut Avenue, NW.</p><br>
<p>In 1931 the building was occupied by Nash RJ Motor Co. In 1932 and 33, Nash Rohr Barsky, Inc. was listed as the occupant of 1365 H Street. In 1934 it was occupied by Kingston-Otey Motors. The building was occupied by Duke & Otey Motors, Inc. from 1935 to 1939. From 1940 to 1942, Duke & Cooksey were listed as occupants of the building.</p><br>
<p>By 1943 the property began a period of volatility and adaptive reuses. This period lasted from 1943 until the Oshinskys sold the building in 1959. At various times in this period, the building was vacant.</p><br>
<p>The Plymouth Theatre motion picture theater was created as a neighborhood theater for blacks with its grand opening in 1943. Morris Hallett was the architect for this adaptive reuse that took the former Plymouth car salesroom and converted it into a 400-seat (300-seat by some accounts) movie theater. The remodeling cost $3,500. In 1945, Ike Weiner took it over until it closed in 1952. The property was listed by the City Directory as vacant in 1954 and was likely vacant from the time the theater closed in 1952 until 1955.</p><br>
<p>King Furniture Company was located at 8203 Georgia Avenue in Silver Spring, MD. In 1955 they expanded to include 1365 H Street as one of their furniture stores. This lasted until 1957, when both King Furniture and the Jet Arena were listed in the telephone directory of that year.</p><br>
<p>Roller Rink Jet Arena was listed in the telephone directory in one edition of the 1957 telephone directory under skating rinks.</p><br>
<p>King Furniture in the white pages of the telephone directory published in September, 1958, 1365 H Street is listed as the only location for King Furniture.</p><br>
<p>According to Congressional Title, in 1959 the building was sold by the Oshinskys to Clements Printing, a long-standing business in the 1300 block of H Street and occupied this building from 1959 until 1984.</p><br>
<p>Frenchs Restaurant was operated by John French, former Vice President with McDonalds Corporation, who purchased the property from Clements Printing in 1984 and completed a renovation to open a southern soul food restaurant. This restaurant operated until the end of 2001 upon sale of the building to Adele and Bruce Robey. The Robeys, publishers of the local newspaper, Voice of the Hill and proprietors of Phoenix Graphics, purchased the building with the sole purpose of converting the building to a live theater venue.</p><br>
<p>Redberry Lake is a lake near Hafford, Saskatchewan, Canada. It is a medium-sized saline lake within an area characterized by mostly freshwater aquatic environments. The lake makes up the core protected area of the Redberry Lake  Biosphere Reserve, and is a federal bird sanctuary of the same name. A small regional park is situated at the north west corner of the lake. The countryside surrounding Redberry Lake is typical of the aspen parkland biome of which it is a part.</p><br>
<p>The regional park offers camping, golfing, swimming, hiking, boating and many bird watching opportunities. Although there are no sport fish in the lake itself, the park has installed a small earthen dam on a creek which flows into the lake, creating a freshwater trout pond.</p><br>
<p>The Alvin T. Smith House is a two-story home on Elm Street in Forest Grove, Oregon, United States. Completed in 1856, it is the second oldest building in the city and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. A Greek Revival style house, it was built by pioneer Alvin T. Smith beginning in 1854.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alvin Smith settled on a 643 acre farm on the Tualatin Plains south of what became West Tuality Plains in 1841. He and his wife were the first permanent Euro-American settlers in the area that would later become Forest Grove. An earlier cabin on the property was destroyed in a flood, and their second cabin later became a post office. In 1854, he and his wife Abigail began the construction of a new home. Alvin was a trained carpenter and did the work himself. Construction finished in 1856, and is the second oldest wood framed building in Forest Grove after Old College Hall at Pacific University. Abigail died in 1858, with Alvin continuing to live in the home with his second wife Jane until 1870. The couple moved to downtown Forest Grove, but continued to own the property.</p><br>
<p>Alvin died in 1888, and Jane leased the house until around 1920 when she died. The house was abandoned around 1990.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Friends of Historic Forest Grove began plans to purchase the home and restore it. The group worked with the Oregon Historic Preservation Office to purchase the property.</p><br>
<h2>Details</h2><br>
<p>The home sits on a 2.2 acre site on the south side of Forest Grove off Oregon Route 47, in what was once the town of Carnation.</p><br>
<p>Smith House is of a classical Greek Revival design with a side hall floor plan. The gabled side serves as the front of the structure. The two-story building includes a basement. The basement consists of stone walls with brick on the top as the foundation. The basement remained cool and was utilized as storage for perishables such as fruit and vegetables.</p><br>
<p>Above ground, rough-hewn logs were used, as were wooden pegs to hold the timbers in place. Smith hewned the timber by hand using a broad ax. On the main floor there are multiple doors between the same room to allow for church meetings. There were no church buildings in the early days of the community, so religious services were held in private homes. The home has wood floors, with two bedrooms on the second floor. All the windows are partitioned windows. Most of the original structure remains.</p><br>
<h2>Namesake</h2><br>
<p>Alvin Thompson Smith (1802–1888) was born in Connecticut and moved to the Oregon Country in 1840. The next year he moved to the Tualatin Plains near what became Forest Grove. There he represented the area at the Champoeg Meetings in 1843 and helped support Tualatin Academy and to found Pacific University. Smith was postmaster from 1851 to 1855.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant is a historic mansion in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, atop cliffs overlooking the Schuylkill River. It was built about 1761–62 in what was then the countryside outside the city by John Macpherson and his wife Margaret. Macpherson was a privateer, or perhaps a pirate, who had had "an arm twice shot off" according to John Adams. He named the house "Clunie" after the ancient seat of his family&#39;s clan in Scotland.</p><br>
<p>The builder-architect was Thomas Nevell (1721–1797), an apprentice of Edmund Woolley, who built Independence Hall. The house is administered by the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Fairmount Park.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Georgian mansion has an entrance topped by a pediment supported by Doric columns. A balustrade crowns the roof which also has prominent dormers and two large chimneys. Two small symmetrical pavilions flank the main house, an office and a summer kitchen. All are adorned with brick quoins.</p><br>
<p>John Adams visited the mansion in 1775 and called it "the most elegant seat in Pennsylvania." The interiors contain the original paneling with ornamental carving, and still show the "elegance of the lifestyle of colonial elites," as well as souvenirs of Macpherson&#39;s life and times and period furniture by craftsmen such as Martin Jugiez. The furniture is from the collections of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.</p><br>
<p>Mount Pleasant was also home to Benedict Arnold and his wife Peggy Shippen. Arnold purchased the mansion on March 22, 1779 for his new bride, and specifically made the property over to her, although, due to the high price of the estate and Benedicts deteriorating funds, he had to sell it, thus the couple never got a chance to move in.</p><br>
<p>In 1792, the mansion was purchased by Jonathan Williams, first superintendent of West Point and grandnephew of Benjamin Franklin. He lived there intermittently until his death in 1815, and his children sold the estate to Fairmount Park.</p><br>
<p>The structure was restored in 1926 by the Philadelphia Museum of Art.</p><br>
<p>Hope Island is a small tadpole shaped Island situated off the coast of Kakinada, India, in Bay of Bengal.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Hope Island is located at 16.977&deg;N latitude, 82.343&deg;E longitude.</p><br>
<p>A relatively young island, it formed in the late 18th century, from the sediment outflow carried by the waters of the Koringa River, a distributary of the Godavari. The small bay it encloses is outflow basin of the Korings, the northern most distributary of the Godavari. The sand bars formed have gained permanence due to successive deposition of sand and alluvial silt due to meeting of the low salinity waters of the river meeting the saline waters of the Bay of Bengal.</p><br>
<p>The area between Kakinada coast and Hope Island is known as Kakinada Bay, enclosing an area of around 146 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>Hope Island protects the city of Kakinada from the strong storm surges coming from the Bay of Bengal. Hope Island acts as natural barrier for storm surges and possible tsunami events and provides tranquility to the ships anchored in Kakinada Bay which makes Kakinada Port one of the safest natural ports in the Eastern Coast of India.</p><br>
<p>The northern tip of the island is called "Godavari Point", which overlooks the entry point into the Kakinada Bay and the Kakinada harbour.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The sandy beaches of Hope island, along with the adjacent Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary are a nesting ground of the endangered Olive Ridley turtle, with 482 females laying eggs on the beaches of Hope Island in 2016. In recent years hundreds of dead turtles have also washed up on the beaches due to injuries from mechanized fishing boats operating off the Andhra coast. Conservationists, wildlife and forest officials have raised concern regarding the mechanized fishing, and conducted sensitization programs and retro-fitting with "turtle excluder devices" to prevent injuries to the endangered reptiles.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>Hope Island houses two small hamlets of fisher folk, named Putrayya Pakalu and Sorlagondu Pakalu housing about 400 families. There are also a few government buildings. The Kakinada Port authorities have conducted dredging activities in the bay in an effort to keep port activities, which has aggravated the erosion loss of land on Hope Island. Erosion due to tidal and storm surges during the cyclone season are also issues as reported by the local fisher folk - who report that erosion has bifurcated the island into two with a 50-meter wide channel.</p><br>
